Her schoolmate said something mean. Maybe. Katie doesn’t sound sure, or like she remembers exactly. One thing she’s positive of: “She just made me…so. MAD.”

• This is an example of a casual claim because of how it is an assertion of a cause and effect. The cause: Kate’s schoolmate said mean to her. The effect: Katie grew angered as a result.

• This is an example of an evaluative claim because of how Brannan is judging Katie’s tone as vague when she makes her claim.

Brannan asks Katie to name some of the alternatives. “Walk away, get the teacher, yes ma’am, no ma’am,” Katie dutifully responds to the prompts.

• This is an example of a recommendation and/or claim because of how Brannan advises Katie to walk away from the situation and tell the teacher.

She looks disappointed in herself. Her eyebrows are heavily creased when she shakes her head and says quietly, “I was so mad.”

• This is an example of an analogy claim because of how Brannan is making this claim based off on how Katie looks and analyzing her facial expressions and body language.

• This is also an example of an evaluative claim because of how Brannan is evaluating Katie’s body language.