definition rewrite-612119d

Posted on November 23, 2020 by 612119d

New thesis

 A mandatory Mass program in the United States would have a positive effect on saving human lives while doing great things for the economy. This idea to be true because the less human life  lost the more the faster the economy would be able to open back up since businesses would be able to run since the wide spread of covid-19 wouldn’t occur so fast. It would also help prevent another massive shutdown of the local and Country by wearing such a cheap product over the face.  Keeping Americans healthy should be the primary goal in defeating the virus.

Covid-19 lockdowns happened in early March in some areas of the United States. Everything was shut down, schools ,  businesses  and restaurants we’re all closed down and students were sent home.We started hearing  the terms social distancing and even heard the mention of masks which wasn’t a common part of american life.  While the first lockdown has concluded and another one on the horizon could be like if we can help stop the spread of the Coronavirus. That’s why Mask-wearing is ultra important. When the mask covers both your nose and mouth it will help prevent others from getting sick even if you have the virus. It will also help protect yourself against people who do have the virus.  Having everyone in the community wear a mask will help prevent a loophole in which the Coronavirus could re enter our communities again. This is a protective measure that we can afford to have.  It will limit the potential spread and potentially save a family member of yours. While mask alone won’t end the pandemic but offer a valuable barrier along with pairing it along with socially distancing and hand washing. Combining all 3 would  have significant benefits which could help prevent another shutdown and cause the economy to crash which would put many people out of work. According to one doctor study “Considering a fixed transmission rate, 80% adoption of 20%, 50%, and 80% effective masks reduces cumulative relative (absolute) mortality by 1.8%”. This means if 80% of American wore masks and on average  the people that died would be almost 2%. When you break the numbers down it comes to roughly 4000 americas. America needs to listen to the doctors and health experts since they are recommending we wear the masks. Is it our best intention to start wearing them so we can get back to normal? Since  doctors have concluded that wearing a mask  has no downside and could possible prevent a nationwide shutdown combining with the fact it would allow us to go back to normal faster it seems like a no brainer

 In march everything was shut down and it almost seemed like the world was almost ending. There were copious amounts of people lining up to get food with limits on the amount of meat each family could get. Having another outbreak like that would cause tons of problems with the american healthcare system  but also another there wallets. The second wave of shutdowns is approaching upon us so restaurants, gyms, schools and other businesses shut down for the second time.  This would not only hurt families but devastated business owners a second time.  The US economy usually hinges on what top  politicians say such as the president or higher ranking senators. What they say to the media has an immediate impact on the stock market. Which could be beneficial but also could work against it as well .  In times of crisis like for example a pandemic, experts in healthcare stepin.  Scientists and healthcare workers will always side of caution which leads to politicians being put under more pressure.  Laws will go up preventing people from going out and followed by the business closing ,  followed by the stock market taking a beating. When the financial crisis hit in 2007  One estimate had been taken and 10000 lives were lost because of it. This could be a potential 2.0 if another shutdown would be in sight.  People need to work to support their families there’s no other way around it and if we want to prevent long-term suffering we need to be able to keep people working to their best of their abilities during this pandemic. Experts suggest “a real risk of a vicious downward spiral of illness and impoverishment.” If we don’t get this virus under control. We need to do everything possible not to let that happen and right now having to require a mask looks like our best option according to our nation’s doctors and many Health experts. Their priorities lie with the people’s mass safety. life may not go back to normal as soon as we would like to or in many cases need it to. We need to do our part to help end this pandemic.

 The split between Republican and Democrat has gone further and further which has ended up putting the common american at a disadvantage.News is not reliable anymore and sometimes run with the same story by spinning it in two ways. Republican senators were uneasy about the virus credibility and have often claimed it’s been over exaggerated and even were preaching against masks. That was until the president and members of his team ended up getting covid and had to be airlifted to the hospital. How we can go from its fake to preaching no mask to the president being in the hospital. People feel like they’re being lied to or have been betrayed by the media in the past and now refuse to listen to them because of that.  Health officials have been stressing how important it’s been to wear masks but many people don’t regard them since they believe it’s fake or isn’t as serious as some made it out to be by their own president. Having this disconnect is putting lives at risk with communication errors in a time where commuinicqtion has never flown so fast. We need to start looking at covid like a war instead of a battle. This will not be gone in a few weeks ,It’s a war, it will be won or lost in the lab with doctors and other lead Health experts leading thew charge  . However, this will happen only if scientists and healthcare workers are heard by the people and not belittled . We need to keep doing everything we have been recommended.

Scientists and health experts have stated wearing a mask has no downside and when it increases your chances of getting sick in any way. Even though there isn’t enough data to prove the point in small settings it has at least shown some effectiveness to prevent spread of covid-19 and to that we can’t argue. while they may be annoying it could save someone’s life and help the economy not shut down again which everyone can agree on.

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Definition Rewrite- runnerd4

Posted on November 23, 2020 by runnerd4

Understanding Key Contributors of Accident Causation

It is important to have a strong understanding of the characteristics of a highway before considering increasing the speed limit on them across the nation. In America, we have interstate highways and other arterials. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation in their article “Road Function Classifications,” the interstate system is made up of arterial roads that “provide the highest level of mobility and the highest speeds over the longest interrupted distance.” Interstate highways pass through several states. An example of an interstate highway is I-95 which begins near the Canadian border in Maine and ends in Miami Florida. According to the U.S. Department of Transportation in their article “Road Function Classifications,” the category of other arterials “include freeways, multilane highways, and other important roadways that supplement the interstate system,” and connect busy areas like cities and industrialized areas. An example of these arterials is NJ- Route 55. The interstate system and other arterial roads fit in the category of roads in which the speed limits should be increased. 

Next, it is important to understand some of the main factors involved in the causation of accidents. Accident-prone interactions, or APIs, are arguably the most important concept to understand. According to David Navone in his study “The Paradox of Driving Speed,” APIs are instances in which two vehicles come in close proximity of each other. There are multiple types of APIs. According to Navone, the four types are “(a) when cars moving on intersecting roads come at about the same time to an intersection, (b) when cars moving in opposite directions on the same undivided road pass each other, (c) when cars moving in the same direction on different lanes of the same road momentarily drive next to each other, and (d) when a car coming from the rear of another one switches lanes next to the other one (either by switching to an adjacent lane to overtake it, or by returning to the original lane).”  It is a very simple concept; when two vehicles come near each other, an API occurs. Increasing the speed limit on highways would decrease the amount of time that each API takes to occur, decreasing the likelihood of the occurrence of an accident.

The next main factor is distractions. There are many different types of distractions that a driver experiences in their commute. Anything that makes it so the driver does not give their full attention to the road is a distraction. According to the CDC in the article “Distracted Driving,” there are three main categories of distractions; visual, cognitive, and manual. An example of a visual distraction is looking at something in the car, such as the radio. A cognitive distraction would be doing anything that takes the driver’s mind off of driving and onto another subject. Manual distractions include distractions that have the driver’s hands off the wheel such as phone usage or eating. One very common distraction nowadays is drivers selecting music to play in the car from their phone. Apps such as Apple Music, Spotify, Pandora, and Youtube put millions of songs in the driver’s hands and cause a new distraction every few minutes when the driver chooses a new song. 

There was also a good point made in the article from the NHTSA called “Distractions in and Out of the Vehicle” when the author explained that there are also distractions outside of the vehicle including “crash scenes, road construction, and people, places, or things of interest alongside the road.” Paying attention to these distractions causes the driver to no longer have their full attention on the road, even though these distractions are on the road. The driver becomes more focused on that view than on the cars around them.

Finally, there is the concept of critical driving decisions. Critical driving decisions are the decisions made by drivers that either cause or avoid accidents. Many of these decisions occur at intersections. One example is when a driver needs to time their left turn at a green light or a stop sign based on the incoming traffic. If the driver times their turn incorrectly, there could be a few results. The driver could end up hitting or getting hit by the car coming straight through in the intersection, causing a head-on or t-bone style accident. Next, the driver could force the incoming traffic to slam on their brakes, setting up the scene for a possible rear-end accident for the oncoming drivers. Finally, the driver could go into the turn at a speed unfit for the turn and have a whole different type of accident by losing control of their vehicle. Timing the turn correctly would allow the driver to avoid each of these possible accident situations. An example of a critical driving decision not at an intersection is deciding when to change lanes on a highway. If the driver decides to change lanes too early, they could get rear-ended by the vehicle traveling in another lane, which could lead to a multiple car accident as everyone slams on their breaks. These critical driving decisions are exactly what their name describes them as, critical. Making the right decision allows the driver to go on with their day and commute, but making the wrong decision could very easily lead to an accident with serious injury or death involved for any of the drivers. 

Having a strong understanding of the category of roads being considered to increase the speed limit is very important. This category is arterial roads which include major highways and the interstate system. It is also important to understand the contributors to the causation of accidents such as API rates, distractions, and critical driving decisions. Without understanding these topics, it is easy to be falsely led into believing that speeding is what causes accidents. Considering the other contributors makes it simple to see that increasing the speed limit is not as dangerous as one would initially believe. There are many other more prevalent contributors than speeding in the causation of accidents.

References

U.S Department of Transportation. (2000, November). Road Function Classifications. Retrieved October 9, 2020, from https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/data_facts/docs/rd_func_class_1_42.pdf

 Navon, D. (2002, January 30). The paradox of driving speed: Two adverse effects on highway accident rate. Retrieved September 25, 2020, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457502000118

“Distracted Driving.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 26 Oct. 2020, http://www.cdc.gov/transportationsafety/Distracted_Driving/index.html.

“Distractions: In and Out of the Vehicle.” NHTSA, www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/driverdistractions.pdf.

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Reflective—612119

Posted on November 21, 2020 by 612119d

612119d

Core Value 1. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

I would like  my practice openings/my thesis. I feel like I started at a completely different place and had a completely different mindset before I was going into this assignment. I’ve changed and decided to go in a different route because of the data I received. We had a bunch of different exercises to gain from this assignment but this  shed some light on where my first idea started and what they’ve come to now.  This assignment really let me make mistakes early on and fix them rather than wait till the end of the year and have no idea what I’m really doing.I found  out that might have bought this was wrong originally so I ended up changing it later on something I would never have considered before.

My hypothesis—612119d

Core Value 2. My work demonstrates that I read critically, and that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11rO-U1I-cA5OPMH9SYv8fRPmXw3OCxLiYszj_PH9vqA/edit

This assignment I was going against my thesis which was really hard for me to do. I had to find articles that suggested to me why masks could potentially be unsafe or cause harm. When writing this paper it helped me strengthen my other arguments because it let me see where people would attack my doubts from. When finding sources they tied into each other but since they did it still found a way to be an effective argument. When crafting this argument I had to actually look at my sources and see how they would tie in with each other and see if they would fill out with the rest of my paper instead of just pulling three random sources that I thought fit.

Core Value 3. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

In our visual rhetoric assignment we had to take a deep dive at the commercial we were looking at. We had to look at the small details so we really had to pay attention which is a little hard for me since my mind is running 1000 miles per hour. This assignment made me focus up on details that I would have 100 percent missed. We had to pick up on who they video was made for and why it was targeting them. In my video I missed the door bell to the house up until the professor meeting.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KoBVLqwnpW024AOBGYB6dWOmsC2-jsv2qJABCAKgmf0/edit

Core Value 4: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

I would say my casual rewrite is my best work of this. We had to find evidence on why we supported our side and in the processes of doing that changed my mind on the whole project. My sources were originally how masks would affect the economy in a bad way but switched when I found tons of sources to back up saying it would do better if masks were allowed. In this paper we had to create our own problem then decide what side of it we were really on which was something different but fun for me because I like to argue.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Dh3UzV7jjTISenoQc1iYEzcVnlcnsoJoOodusLb6tUg/edit

Core Value 5. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

For this work we had to give our side of the argument And think critically on why people would argue on the other side. In the case of this I personally used personal experience/common sense on how I viewed these potential problems. When I mentioned the strict parents part I understood that because I had really strict parents growing up. When they dug into the shrug issues I used both my common sense and prior knowledge. I tried to understand why some laws would be in place and what they could do make them better and more ethical.I learned that sometimes giving your perspective is actually what the audience wants but you have to be fair and consider the dad up before.

Summaries—612119d

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612119d causal rewrite

Posted on November 20, 2020 by 612119d

A mandatory Mass program in the United States would have a positive effect on saving human lives while doing great things for the economy. This idea to be true because the less human life  lost the more the faster the economy would be able to open back up since businesses would be able to run since the wide spread of covid-19 wouldn’t occur so fast. It would  prevent another massive shutdown locally and federally.  Americans’ health should be the primary goal in this war against the virus.

In an article published  from Ohio, having a mask mandate would help the economy,because there would be less uncertainty. The hardest hit by this pandemic would be the working class and the lower class.  They need to work  and dont have the luxury to take off and care for themselves if they get sick, which could prevent them going to the doctors all together. Masks  are relatively  cheap and very attainable for every american to get. “The value of a statistical life is around $10 million.’’ Saving only a few lives with this would have a massive economical impact.  At the same time it is almost as important it is to keep the economy going since some families can’t afford another shutdown. “In a survey published by Scioto Analysis this morning, 38 out of 40 Ohio economists said that the economic benefits of mask mandates outweighed the economic costs.”  They agreed on how important it is for the middle class and lower-income class to not be out of work again since it is them whom the virus can have the biggest impact on. These next couple months need to be done strategically so we don’t get led into a major recession. 

As Americans, we can all look at the Coronavirus as almost as our world war and we need everyone’s help to win it. In world war 2 , some of the women needed to go to work since men were sent off to fight. Everyone contributed to the fight and american won. While we aren’t fighting a war like that, we are fighting a microbe war in which America needs everyone again.  A Goldman Sachs study estimated that a nationwide mask mandate would save America $1 trillion, or 5% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product. With 1 trillion dollars at stake, it isn’t just about the lives   that could be saved. When you break it down person by person it would approximately save the average american  $3,000 per person if the mask mandate was followed.  Considering the amount of money the government already handed out another stimulus check would be extremely costly.

If a mask policy was put into place it could potentially save more than 100,000 lives by this February alone. While these numbers may seem really high this is the main reason scientists are preaching mask wearing. One hundred thousand people is more than any terrorist attack that ever happened in America, and this time we can prevent these deaths by Americans  doing such a simple task and wearing a mask along with socially distancing. At the current moment we don’t have a cure or a vaccine against this virus so we don’t know different people would react if they become infected. In states where a mask mandate was the strictest the numbers have started to go down and proved that masked mandates  have been working and will continue to work.  Since these numbers could get a lot  Higher than what they , we need to take this seriously and almost as a terroristic threat because the life loss could be worse than anything that came before this

Preventing sucide is a major concern with the direct link by the virus but the economic side as well. An oxford researchers “compared suicide data from before  2007 with the years of the crisis and found more than 10,000 “economic suicides” associated with the recession across the U.S., Canada and Europe”Melanie Haiken . If the country  shuts down again, a 2.0 of this event could be an unfortunate side effect of the lock down. Another lockdown would mean job loss, and the stock market would fall to mid march numbers again. “The soaring unemployment rate and stock market losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, combined with millions of people quarantining at home alone creates the “perfect storm” for an increased risk of suicide for many people, according to the JAMA article.”As the cases continue to rise across our country again during this fall season and into the dreaded flu season, there is a significant fear the suicide rate will definitely up if the shutdown occurs again. Mental health is a big issue in this country and people are currently struggling, “I wish we could take social distancing out of our dictionary. Because we are social beings. We can’t socially distance. We are social beings. We can physically distance. Which I like better,” said Steen. These lives are not directly affected by covid-19, but will be saved if wearing a mask  where the common people could get back to their social connections and finances. Cases look to still be on the rise in the US , we need to find a solution before it’s too late.

The  lives lost by this pandemic will never be able to be brought back. We need to consider this as our best option.This seems like it when you weigh everything out. When you look at the economic benefits of wearing a mask versus not wearing a mask compounded with the countless Lives that won’t become infected it seems like its at least worth a shot.

This is why a  Mask program in the United States would be extremely beneficial for not only the health of the citizens but for the economy. Having massive human life lost would have a direct correlation with the economy. Not only would it prevent a massive shut down again it would prevent another stock market crash. Covid is a major uncertainty which  is ideal for the market. If we wanna prevent another massive shutdown in our  local and national government we need to seriously consider a mask mandate.  Having such a mandate looks to be the only solution that keeps everyone healthy and business open.

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research- corinnebuck1219

Posted on November 19, 2020 by corinnebuck1219

Breeding for Looks, not Health.

As the American Kennel Club makes dog standards more specific, it is obvious it is being abused and taken advantage of by certain breeders. The ‘perfect’ dog their breeding may have the features people want, but the diseases and illnesses not so much. The American Kennel club sets standards that each breed should have to qualify for the dogs to be determined ‘studs’ (qualified male dog for breeding) and bitches (qualified female dog for breeding) ready for breeding, as well with the dog’s family tree. ‘Puppy face’ is a common term coined for the puppy-like features breeders breed for, what buyers want, and the standards the American Kennel Club set. These features include big bulging eyes, smushed faces, and larger than average heads. As a side effect these dogs will suffer from oddly shaped ears, wide yet flat skulls, wrinkles over the nose, excess wrinkles on the face, which ultimately results in the dogs inability to exercise, withstand heat, stress, and the dogs ability to breathe in general to decrease. The most common breeds that suffer from this norm are English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pugs, and the Boston Terrier.

Breeders commonly use deliberate inbreeding, the mating of directly related family members, such as a father and his daughter, mother and son, and even brothers and sisters to allow the exact traits they keep breeding for to always occur. Despite the success rates of the traits, it comes with many side effects for the dog, which will always impact the owner. For example, the English Bulldog is commonly inbred, and as a result has to undergo artificial insemination due to the stance, squat, short legs, and hips they are bred for, which cannot support the weight of another dog. Yes, artificial insemination may open many doors for breeding like being able to use samples from dogs all over the world, and helps the spread of STD’s, but could also lead to the English Bulldog’s breed demise since they aren’t able to breed naturally on their own in most cases. In an article written by the Smithsonian magazine, they believe that English Bulldogs are dangerously unhealthy, and there may not be enough genetic diversity within the gene pool to save them. Niels Pederson, a professor of medicine and epidemiology at the University of California at the Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, says “They’ve lost so much genetic diversity over the past decades.”.

 Another example of this can be found in the Pug, where the purposely want those big adorable gumball eyes, but unfortunately this dog will have a higher chance of sustaining an eye injury, as well as have to use artificial insemination for reasons like the bulldog. Another example we can look at happens to be with the Boston Terrier breed. Due to the puppy-like big head Bostons are found to have, mothers cannot give birth naturally and will have to have C-sections since puppies cannot fit through the mothers birth canal. The Boston, or aka the American Gentleman, is sadly bred for a defromed structure with small hips and pelvis. A study conducted found that out of 675 Boston litters, 86% were found to be delivered by C-section, sadly, 9% of puppies will die at birth, and 14% of puppies will be born with defects. A different survey found that out of 108 Boston pups, only 9 will die from old age. These are horrible statistics for such a popular breed.

Another troubled breed is the French Bulldog. Despite the popularity of this newer breed, breeders have surely taken advantage of this breed. Not only are they found to have the lowest life expectancy since their median years is 1.3 years old, compared to most dogs where their average median is 4.5 years, but this breed has the majority of the records at veterinarians. Out of 300 vet clinics, 2228 Frenchies were found with records, and 72% of this breed had disorders. These disorders can be some common ones like diarrhea and ear infections, but others like wrinkle infections, corneal ulcers, and upper respiratory disorders that can be costly for the owners, stressful for the dogs, and are solely due to the improper breeding. Corneal ulcers can be from a scratch from a stick or getting bumped by another dog since their eyes are exophthalmic, meaning their eyes bulge anteriorly out of the orbit. Upper respiratory disorders can be from the shortened snout, and many face wrinkles that can result in trouble breathing. Wrinkle infections can be due to things like yeast and dirt forming between rolls causing the skin to be irritated and have bad reactions. Lindsay Hamilton said “An explosion in demand for the popular breeds has left the dogs with deformities and health problems”. Hamilton also urges to avoid buying breeds like the Frenchie and Pugs because they will suffer from very serious life long issues, due to the inability to pant, exercise, eat, or even sleep properly without snoring. Frenchies are actually banned from flying in cargo in most airlines, due to their inability to breathe normally. The Frenchie is a brachycephalic breed, meaning they are human chosen to have large heads with flat faces and narrow nostrils which makes them prone to many diseases. 

In an article written by the Boston Globe, they deem the breeding of English Bulldogs to be inhumane. They say that since this breed is prone to many birth defects, some include a flat chest, skeletal disorders that can result in hip dysplasia, how wrinkly their faces are which can result in acne and eye problems, along with their underbite with lots of drooling that can often mean lots of dental trouble, and chance of choking on objects. Along with the Boston, it is very rare for these enormous head puppies to be birthed naturally, so 90% of English Bulldog moms will undergo a C-section which can cause lots of stress on the animal, along with the ‘bitch’ to not be wanted for breeding anymore due to her body condition and the recovery she will undergo. The Smithsonian Magazine found that introducing new genes from outside of the English Bulldogs purebred genepool, would help the animals health and genetic diversity, but is shunned by breeders since this dog will no longer be ‘purebred’ and no longer pedigreed, having the full list of ancestors of proof of being purebred, which is used by the American Kennel Club. This type of breeding is called outbreeding, but like I said, breeders tend to reject introducing different genes, since they fear their breed will then “be contaminated”, and the breed would lose its character, be introduced to new diseases, and change in temperament.

A lot of people will use the market of products in dogs for an excuse why this breeding is okay. Online and in stores like Chewy, Petsmart, Petco, and even Amazon, you can find various products. Some products like doggy goggles , aka “doggles”, to protect the eyes, creams, wipes, and soaps targeted to stop wrinkles and skin infections, and all other types of remedies. Some conditions they will claim to be due to owners negligence by not doing enough research on the breed prior to adoption. I agree that research should be done for things the breeds they are prone or predisposed to, but breeders in general should also be looking for this as well. It is unacceptable that breeders are so negligent of these conditions and should be stopped before they even start, which happens to be choosing which bitch and stud to mate based on their traits and conditions. 

People also claim that these breeds are perfect for first time dog owners, full time workers, and people who live in city areas due to the fact these dogs don’t require lots of exercise and are typically low maintenance. I find this claim to be quite false because it is true to a certain extent, but it is not considered how expensive these breeds are to purchase in the first place, and when these pups experience problems, how costly these vet visits are due to surgeries and medicines can be. Out of a list of 20 most expensive breeds by wealthygorilla.com, the french bulldog is listed to be the 12th most expensive dog averaging around $6000, and the Bulldog to be ranked 15th averaging around $4300. Cuteness.com also made a list of dog breeds that experience the most expensive veterinary bills, that says the Frenchie is the 9th most expensive, and owners on average can pay $1087 per year. According to thestreet.com, they say the most expensive breed to own is the Bulldog, totaling $9,562 over the span of 4 years of vet bills. According to American Kennel Club’s website, the French Bulldog is ranked the 4th most popular dog in 2019, the English Bulldog number 5th, Boston Terrier is the 21st, and the Pug 31st out of 193 recorded purebred breeds. From the information I’ve provided, you can assume these dogs are some of the most popular, yet some of the most expensive to adopt, and maintain. 

The American Kennel Club and the british counterpart, The Kennel Club, have already been previously exposed for their controversial breeding in 2008. A BBC documentary, “Pedigree Dogs Exposed” surfaced and demonstrated how poorly the purebreds health and welfare was, leaving both Kennel Clubs no choice but to change the standards for certain breeds, the English Bulldog being one of them. According to the Washington Post, Pedersen noticed there were two very different sides when it comes to breeding. Animal rights activists and veterinarians who believe that English Bulldogs are so inbred and bred to meet these poor standards, will undoubtedly doom unless outbreeding was practiced. On the other hand, breeders denied any problem, and said if they’re was problems, it could be fixed by selective breeding. I find this to be counterintuitive, since selective breeding is choosing parents with certain characteristics to breed and produce offspring with the desired traits. It makes you wonder, if they think that can fix it, then how were they breeding before, and why has this already not been implemented? It’s sad to think the people who take pride in producing these breeds are so careless and totally disregard these animals’ health and wellbeing. 

To further on the documentary “Pedigree Dogs Exposed”, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare, and Sir Patrick Bateson concluded their studies to find that the current breeding practices are quiet detrimental to the welfare of the pedigree dogs, and said they have made many recommendations that should be implemented by the Kennel Club’s breeders to improve the pedigree dogs health. A report by the Companion Animal Welfare Council called for many major changes as well, saying that “inbreeding needs to be controlled”, and “animals with genetic defects should be barred from breed shows.” Many people have rejected these claims, especially breeders, that these are purely based on emotions rather than science. In 2004, Jeff Sampson, the Kennel Club’s geneticist, said “Unfortunately, the restrictive breeding patterns that have been developed as part and parcel of the purebred dog scene have not been without collateral damage to all breeds…” and “increasingly, inherited diseases are imposing a serious disease burden on many, if not all, breeds of dogs.”. Despite that said, he still believes the vast majority of dogs registered will live long, happy, and healthy lives. This documentary also proved that out of 10,000 Pugs in the UK, they are so inbred that their genepool is only equivalent to 50 dogs, which was found from a study conducted at the Imperial College in London. It was also found that only two breeds, the Irish Setter, and the Irish Red and White Setter, have compulsory health tests, out of more than two hundred breeds that are registered. On 38 Degrees, a website designed for people to sign petitions, there is one regarding the compulsory DNA health screening of breeding dogs. This petition states that the change of ‘advisable’ to ‘mandatory’, and the refusal of the registration of puppies, unless the parents have passed all the available DNA screening tests. Currently, this petition has 395 signatures, out of the 400 needed. 

On the website, Pedigree Dogs exposed, you can find another study that was conducted about English Bulldogs, where they found out of 24 healthy young English Bulldogs, the study from Finland concluded the prevalence of orthopaedic diseases, mainly hip dysplasia, are so common in the breed that unfortunately “no healthy individuals exist”. Out of the 24 dogs studied, only one had no signs of moderate or severe hip dysplasia, ¾ had at least one malformed vertebrae, ⅓ had luxating patellas, a condition where the patella or kneecap dislocates or moves out of normal location, and almost half had elbow dysplasia. Lead author, Anu Lappalainen said “One of the most worrying points of our study actually was that the owners of the dogs we studied, did not feel that their dogs were sick or poorly, which is alarming”.

As you can see, the pure greed and disregard breeders have about their litters is very evident. The ignorance and negligence of not only the breeders, but even the Kennel Club and the American Kennel club shows the lack of empathy they possess. They know and take advantage of the puppy-face they know we love, without considering the damage they are doing. Regardless of the science that has been proven with clinical trials, improper breeding tactics still happen. I don’t want to assume that both the Kennel Club and the American Kennel Club’s effort was all for show, but if they were serious, things would have changed by now. The practice of inbreeding animals is completely inhumane and will eventually eliminate the dogs gene pool, leading them into extinction. Gene testing should be implemented before mating, which would also eliminate the ‘backyard breeding’. Both Kennel Club’s should be enforcing these rules and not allowing dogs with dangerous genes to reproduce and further these genes, or even participate in their competition shows. When the Kennel Club’s allows ignorant breeders to do as they please, they are quite literally approving of these improper breeding practices without any repercussions. 

To conclude the Boston Terrier, English Bulldog, Pug, and the French Bulldog along with any other breeds experience this very detrimental breeding. It is unfair for dogs to go under the stress of their illnesses, and same with their owners. The breeds I listed are some of the most expensive breeds, yet with some of the most expensive vet bills. For the price you pay for an adorable companion, the owner nor dog should have to face the consequences of ignorant breeding. Not only are these dogs prone to illnesses and diseases, but also have some of the shortest dog life expectancies. Hopefully, before adopting people will do research on their breed, and breeders and inquire if the parents suffer from genetic disorders. If the Kennel Club’s continue on this path instead of stopping these practices at the source, they can cause these breeds to unfortunately become extinct due to the diminishing gene pools from inbreeding. I understand how things like this can happen, since people see a cute smushed face puppy and instantly fall in love. To stop these dogs suffering, the Kennel Club’s must change their standards for breeds, eliminate inbreeding, mandate gene testing prior to mating, allow breeders to outbreed, and punish the breeders who break these rules. It is inhumane to allow these dogs to suffer for the greed of making money, without any consideration of their future and health. 

Works cited

Eschner, Kat. “The Evolution of Petface.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 31 Jan. 2018, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/evolution-petface-180967987/. 

Maldarelli, Claire. “Although Purebred Dogs Can Be Best in Show, Are They Worst in Health?” Scientific American, Scientific American, 21 Feb. 2014, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/although-purebred-dogs-can-be-best-in-show-are-they-worst-in-health/. 

Welton, Michele. “Boston Terrier Health Problems: Feeding.” Boston Terrier Health Problems | Feeding, http://www.yourpurebredpuppy.com/health/bostonterriers.html. 

David Sargan Senior Lecturer in Molecular Pathology at the Department of Veterinary Medicine. “How to Save Inbred, Short-Faced Dogs Such as Pugs and Bulldogs from Poor Health.” The Conversation, 20 July 2020, theconversation.com/how-to-save-inbred-short-faced-dogs-such-as-pugs-and-bulldogs-from-poor-health-63341. 

Brulliard, Karin. “French Bulldogs’ Cuteness Comes at a Steep Cost.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 1 Apr. 2019, http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2018/05/04/french-bulldogs-cuteness-comes-at-a-steep-cost/. 

Brownell, Matt. “10 Dogs With the Priciest Vet Bills.” TheStreet, 10 July 2011, www.thestreet.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/10-dogs-priciest-vet-bills-html.

Brulliard, Karin. “Why Breeding Bulldogs Is Borderline Inhumane – The Boston Globe.” BostonGlobe.com, The Boston Globe, 5 Aug. 2016, www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/2016/08/05/why-breeding-bulldogs-borderline-inhumane/oXkhn20QASB8dS4bu5pA1N/story.html.

Brulliard, Karin. “Why Breeding Bulldogs Is Borderline Inhumane.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 1 Apr. 2019, www.washingtonpost.com/news/animalia/wp/2016/08/02/why-breeding-bulldogs-is-borderline-inhumane/.

“Compulsory DNA Health Screening of Breeding Dogs.” 38 Degrees, you.38degrees.org.uk/petitions/compulsory-dna-health-screening-of-breeding-dogs.

Handwerk, Brian. “Bulldogs Are Dangerously Unhealthy, But There May Not Be Enough Diversity in Their Genes to Save Them.” Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 29 July 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/bulldogs-are-dangerously-unhealthy-there-may-not-be-enough-diversity-their-genes-save-them-180959963/.

Harrison, Jemima. Pedigree Dogs Exposed – The Blog, 1 Jan. 1970, pedigreedogsexposed.blogspot.com/.

McIntyre, Matt. “The 20 Most Expensive Dogs in the World.” Wealthy Gorilla, 22 June 2020, wealthygorilla.com/most-expensive-dogs-world/.

Tamplin, Harley. “Why You Shouldn’t Buy French Bulldogs or Pugs as a Christmas Present.” Metro, Metro.co.uk, 6 Dec. 2017, metro.co.uk/2017/12/06/shouldnt-buy-french-bulldogs-pugs-christmas-present-7137239/. 

Foden, Simon. “Dog Traits That Are Detrimental.” Pets, 21 Nov. 2017, pets.thenest.com/dog-traits-detrimental-6226.html. 

“The Pros and Cons of Artificial Insemination.” DogsLife, 9 Sept. 2015, http://www.dogslife.com.au/dog-news/dog-health/pros-and-cons-of-artificial-insemination. 

Staff, AKC. “The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2019.” American Kennel Club, American Kennel Club, 1 May 2020, http://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/2020-popular-breeds-2019/. 
Staff, AKC. “Hip Dysplasia In Dogs: Prevention, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment.” American Kennel Club, American Kennel Club, 7 Feb. 2020, http://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/hip-dysplasia-in-dogs/.

Posted in corinnebuck, Portfolio CorinneBuck, Research | 6 Comments

Reflective-oaktree

Posted on November 19, 2020 by oaktree1234

Core Value 1. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

Although its not a formal piece of writing, my White Paper best demonstrates my use of the 1st core value. When I started my research I had a general idea of where I was headed. As you can tell from my multiple hypotheses, this direction was not very specific. It wasn’t until I finished writing my 3rd short argument that I actually figured out what my hypothesis was. The difference between my white paper and the final product of my research paper shows that writing is not a linear process. Most importantly, I learned to keep an open mind to all hypotheses when starting a new piece of writing.

Core Value 2. My work demonstrates that I read critically, and that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities. 

Critical reading is a skill that no writer can be successful without. By analyzing various pieces of writing and synthesizing them in my Stone Money essay, I exhibited the 2nd core value. During this process, I encountered a lot of unfamiliar writing such as Milton Friedman’s essay, “The Island of Stone Money.” Pieces like this require careful attention in order to grasp all of the information. In addition, I successfully used the NPR podcast on the Island of Yap to further support my argument.

Core Value 3. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

Rhetorical choices are made in film, not just writing. I feel the Visual Rhetoric assignment best illustrated my ability to recognize these argumentative elements. Each element of the 30 second ad council video has been carefully selected to help create an argument. Recognizing these visual rhetorical elements is just as important as recognizing them in text. For example, the decision to leave the handle of the fork facing out lets the viewer know that the person diner there is planning on returning. As the viewer, it’s our job to analyze what this means.

Core Value 4: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

I would say my Research Paper was the best representation of this core value. Needless to say, I had to conduct an extensive amount of research to find evidence for why underprivileged kids have the upper hand in society, a very counterintuitive topic. The information that I did find was not always very appropriate for a formal thesis paper, such as Sports Illustrated. I learned an important part of my argument would be finding primary sources from those involved in education, business, and social services. Once I gathered enough useful information, it wasn’t too difficult to support my position that these under privileged kids have an advantage.

Core Value 5. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

There were plenty of occasions where I was a little late starting an assignment or simply didn’t understand what to do. In these instances, I often referred to other Comp II students’ work. At times, it seemed extremely tempting to just copy what some other seemly successful student had posted in the past. I strongly remember experiencing this while completing the Safer Saws task. Whether it was out of fear or guilt, I resulted to consulting multiple works from other students and then created something completely original. Looking back, I can say this was the best decision.

Posted in oaktree, Portfolio Oaktree, Reflective | 1 Comment

Reflective—davidbdale

Posted on November 19, 2020 by davidbdale

Core Value 1. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

Insert here a 125-word explanation of how you met the goal. For a fuller description of the Goal, read the description of Core Value 1 above. For each of your five Core Values, provide a link to one of your own class assignment posts in which you demonstrated the value.

Core Value 2. My work demonstrates that I read critically, and that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities. 

Insert here a 125-word explanation of how you met the goal. For a fuller description of the Goal, read the description of Core Value 2 above. For each of your five Core Values, provide a link to one of your own class assignment posts in which you demonstrated the value.

Core Value 3. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

Insert here a 125-word explanation of how you met the goal. For a fuller description of the Goal, read the description of Core Value 3 above. For each of your five Core Values, provide a link to one of your own class assignment posts in which you demonstrated the value.

Core Value 4: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

Insert here a 125-word explanation of how you met the goal. For a fuller description of the Goal, read the description of Core Value 4 above. For each of your five Core Values, provide a link to one of your own class assignment posts in which you demonstrated the value.

Core Value 5. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

Insert here a 125-word explanation of how you met the goal. For a fuller description of the Goal, read the description of Core Value 5 above. For each of your five Core Values, provide a link to one of your own class assignment posts in which you demonstrated the value.

Posted in davidbdale, Reflective | Leave a comment

Grade Levels 2

Posted on November 19, 2020 by davidbdale

I wrote two sentences in my recent post “Counterintuitive Econundrums,” that I realized while I was writing them contained about a paragraph of material each. They’re not perfect sentences, and I won’t try to edit them now that they’re on the blog, but their advantages over the paragraphs they represent make them fit models of writing that earns better grades.

Example 1

My favorite econundrums puncture the inflated claims of greenness too often made by commercial operations determined to sell us something they pretend has big environmental advantages.

This sentence packs a lot of material and delivers it in a steady stream that needs no punctuation. Commalessness is not a requirement of good writing, but it’s good evidence of fluency, which is required. Let’s unpack the sentence into its component claims.

Commercial operations are in business to sell us something. Because they know a large percentage of consumers are more likely to buy something that is kind to the environment than a similar but planet-killing product, they promote their products as green. Often they exaggerate the environmental friendliness of their products to trick us into making purchases that don’t really benefit the planet. Econondrums sometimes puncture the inflated claims of the companies that exaggerate their environmental benefits. Those are my favorite econundrums.

Example 2

Electric cars make me furious, for example, because their manufacturers pretend exhaust pipe emissions are the only measure of a car’s environmental impact, conveniently ignoring the damage done to the planet to produce the electricity in the first place, a huge percentage of which is lost to transmission before it ever starts the car.

The sentence is a little long and might be better phrased, but as it stands it’s certainly not as clumsy at the version it represents, which takes way too much space to spell out the same claims:

Electric car manufacturers claim that their cars cause less environmental damage than cars that burn gasoline. They support that claim by measuring the amount of environmentally-damaging exhaust that gasoline engines emit when they’re driven. While they are correct in saying their cars don’t emit gasses, they are wrong to claim that exhaust gasses are the only way to measure environmental impact. The electricity required to power their cars is not environmentally clean because it can’t be produced in the first place without damaging the planet in some way; what’s more, a huge percentage of the electricity generated at power plants is lost in the miles of transmission wires from the plant to the charging station before it ever gets into the car. Therefore, claims that electric cars are cleaner than gasoline engine vehicles make me furious.

As I did at the close of the first Grade Levels post, I invite you to respond here if this is helpful, or if you feel the need for additional samples, better models, or even revised versions of your own paragraphs before or after you’ve posted them. If I can model better writing for you, I’ll be happy to try.

Posted in davidbdale, Professor Posts | Leave a comment

Research-Hailthegreat8

Posted on November 19, 2020 by hailthegreat8

Authoritarian vs. Authoritative parents. These two types of parenting styles can affect a child in many ways. Authoritarian parents are stern and strict. So says Leslie DeJong in her Wellness Mind article titled “4 Types of Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Kids.” “It insists on unquestioning obedience and enforces good behavior through threats, shaming, and other punishments,” “she claims.” While Authoritative parents, she continues, “responsive to the child’s emotional needs while having high standards. They set limits and are very consistent in enforcing boundaries.” Authoritarian and Authoritative parents can affect a child positively and negatively.

Authoritarian parents have absolute authority; they demand good behavior and ignore it when it occurs, and the only feedback they offer is punishment for children who fail to listen. Authoritarian parents are genuinely demanding. So says Kendra Cherry in her verywell mind article titled “8 Characteristics of Authoritarian Parenting.” “Authoritarian parents have lots of rules and may even micromanage almost every aspect of their children’s lives and behaviors, at home and in public”, “she claims.” they have way too many rules in their household that their children must follow. Authoritarian parents are hard on their children, give no emotional love to their children, deny them applause, and fail to uplift them.

Authoritarian parents won’t allow their children to make their own choices. Their whole life is basically planned out for them. In short, the children of Authoritarian parents are often both hostile to others and shy, and too often suffer depression.

Now to go into Authoritative parents. Unlike authoritarian parents, these parents listen to their children and want them to express their opinion. Authoritative parents help their children with their feelings and show them how to express it. For example, when their child is angry and starts throwing objects, they don’t only punish them but also explain to them what they are doing is wrong and teach them the right way to handle it. These types of parents consider their child’s feelings.

Having authoritarian parents could be useful in specific ways. I understand these types of parents want their child to follow their rules, but they shouldn’t be overbearing. They should look for a way to combine both Authoritarian and Authoritative parenting styles.

Authoritarian parents get precisely what they deserve: children who do everything they can to resist the control exerted from above and rebel in various, unpredictable ways, including but not limited to failing all their classes as a deliberate rebuke to their parents’ demands. That’s what Authoritarian parents expect from their children. Authoritarian parents have really high expectations from their children; they fight for their children to succeed in their field, like paying for extra tutoring for their kids and helping them study more in their own free time. My aunt is an example of an Authoritarian parent. I remember talking to my cousins, and they said their mom is really strict and doesn’t play any games when it comes to academics; there are no excuses when they receive a specific grade, and if they do receive a bad grade, they receive many backlashes, with all this, they didn’t even succeed in their field and this pressure and rules made them a little depressed, and they didn’t like what their mom chose for them.

Authoritarian parents expect their children never to follow whatever they tell them; their no discussion. Many parents choose this style, but their many reasons for it; for example, it could be because of their morals and culture or because their parents brought them up that way, and that’s the only way they know how to teach their child. It might be an endless chain, but if I trust this type of parent style, here are some of the rules that they teach. For instance, these parents think having obedience from their child is a form of love. It doesn’t matter if the child grew up wealthy or poor, Authoritarian parents will do everything in their power to help their children reach a level they envision.

In her “Authoritarian parenting style” article, Tracy Traunter stated, “Having strict rules that must be followed. Children are punished if rules are not followed. Punishment is usually harsh and punitive. It can become abusive, physically and emotionally,” “she claims.” She continues by saying that “There is typically no give and take, and will exert complete and total control over the family.” Personally, I don’t support these types of parenting styles because it’s unhealthy and can hurt a child in many ways.

I understand that these types of parents want their children to succeed but teach a child differently. There is a negative side effect to Authoritarian parents; here are some of the outcomes stated by Tracy Traunter in her “Authoritarian parenting style” article “Children are aggressive, but can also be socially inept, shy and cannot make their own decisions,” and “Children in these families have poor self-esteem, are poor judges of character, and will rebel against authority figures when they are older.” “she claims.” those children could also struggle to think for themselves when they’re older if they have been told what to do every day like this by their parents. They can also have difficulties expressing themselves to other people; this parenting type can really mess up a child mentally. Authoritarian parents’ problem is that they don’t express their feelings to their children, especially when they don’t meet their expectations, and that horrible. I understand that children have to follow the rules parents have placed in their household, but if they make a mistake, sit down and explain to them what they did like authoritative parents don’t just always punish them severely. Children can end up hating their parents later in the future.

Rachel Sawicki wrote an article describing her experience growing up as an Authoritarian parent. I know this is only one person’s experience, but she explains how she lost many companions, was in and out of relationships and didn’t enjoy spending time with her family. As she goes more into her story, she describes her mom and says that she was an Authoritarian parent and taught her everything she knows right now. She remembers always getting yelled at for small mistakes that genuinely weren’t that serious. One of the moments she vividly remembers was when she chose to dress up for dinner one night because she enjoyed dressing up and thought she would get some happy faces and flattery from everyone, but she got in trouble for not being on time for dinner by her mother.

Rachel Sawicki says in her “Personal Essay: I’m not angry, I just have authoritarian parents” “Why would you put that on before dinner? There’s no need to get dressed up. That outfit is uncalled for, go and take it off right now,” her mom only yelled at her, she didn’t receive one compliment. she continues “I cried the rest of the night.” Rachel Sawicki went more in and described her middle school days. Rachel Sawicki says in her “Personal Essay: I’m not angry, I just have authoritarian parents” “I had my phone taken away every other week” even if she made a little mistake, her mother would go through her phone and scold her for anything unrefined that she sent to her peers that were only supposed to be seen by only her and her schoolmate. During her highschool life, Rachel came out bi, and she described how hard it was for her to fit in school; Rachel Sawicki says in her “Personal Essay: I’m not angry, I just have authoritarian parents” “I was isolated from my friends and had my phone taken away for almost six months and was still heavily monitored and controlled for another six months to a year after getting it back.” Going through hose experiences made her life horrible she continues, “I was extremely suicidal and wanted to run away. Not once did my mom ever ask me why I felt the way I did nor did she listen when I tried to explain. I was wrong and she was right, end of story”. She never wanted to go to therapy because she thought it was a form of torture her mom wanted to do to her. This story by Rachel Sawicki is an example of the negative side effects of having an authoritarian parent. This type of parenting can lead children to be depressed and have social anxiety and destroy their future.

Authoritarian parenting has some negative side effects like depression and social anxiety-like in my previous paragraph and their positive outcomes about Authoritarian parenting; It’s up for parents to decide how to teach their child.

Authoritarian parents are described as stern and the plain appositive of an alternative parent. An Authoritarian parent has multiple rules, and they ignore their child’s feelings and don’t care about their opinion. It may sound horrible to people hearing about Authoritarian parents for the first time in their lives, but don’t only dwell on the negative aspects; there are also positive aspects of an Authoritarian parent. The Authoritarian parent teaching style can create an influential, successful, wealthy person in the community. Most children who grew up with this style end up being doctors, lawyers, politicians, and more, so there are positive aspects, but it’s not easy. Jeff Nalin says, “But often, this comes at a cost.” He claims, “children whose behavior is largely dependent on a strict regimen of dos and don’ts will base their own self-worth on whether or not they have obeyed the rules put into place by their parents,” because the child might get punished.

Many individuals worldwide have grown up with Authoritarian parents, and many people say that type of parental style can mess up a child’s life; teaching children this way can lead to depression, social anxiety, and more. Growing up with this type of parenting, children will resent their parents when they’re older and hate them for not listening or helping emotionally throughout their childhood, but having an Authoritarian parent can help a lot throughout a kid’s childhood and prepare for the harsh relate of being an adult. Authoritarian parents can help children succeed in the field they’re going after; these parents will push children to be their better selves, but they’re a chance these children can also fail. The pressure they put on a child can break them.

One of the positive aspects of having Authoritarian parents is that children know good behavior. So says an expert Naline in Christin Perry’s “Authoritarian Parenting: The Pros and Cons, According to a Child Psychologist” article, “They are also highly attuned to the negative consequences that can stem from wrong behavior, so they will avoid stepping out of line.” Having good behavior has a chance of making many good habits that positively affect their life. Good behavior will help a child make routines. For example, every day, they wake up, clean their room, make their bed, and do their homework; also, children will respect other individuals when they’re talking to them. A child’s positive behavior continues to show can affect everyone around them, which’s a good thing. Another good reason for having an Authoritarian parent is the want to do the right thing. So says family parenting in their “The Pros and Cons of Authoritarian Parenting” article “The authoritarian style of parenting will encourage a child to think about their behavior, before doing it. This means the child has a desire to do right and will be better at thinking through their actions before making a choice to do it”. This can make a child bolder in the future and help with their decision throughout their life.

Safety is another positive trait when learning from an Authoritarian Parent; I mean, they would try to minimize danger in their life. The threat children might face throughout their childhood. Authoritarian Parents plan out a promising future for their kids, find a career where they will succeed, and teach them everything in that field to be one of the best when their child joins the working class. Another positive trait that an Authoritarian Parent leads is fighting for the goal, future. So says an expert Naline in Christin Perry’s “Authoritarian Parenting: The Pros and Cons, According to a Child Psychologist” article, “Children raised by authoritarian parents adhere to detailed plans that include precise instructions.” Teaching this to their kids helps them grasp what steps they need to take throughout their lives to reach their destination.

I know that the Authoritarian parent’s style has many significant aspects that can help children, but some adverse effects can damage children mentally and physically. For a child to have a genuinely productive childhood and prepare them for the outside world, more than one parenting style is better. I believe combining Authoritarian parent’s styles and Authoritative parents will balance a child out and bring the most satisfaction on both ends. Authoritative parents talk to their children. So says the parenting for brain article. It’s like a “give-and-take” scenario with rules that can be adjusted. If their child breaks the rule, Authoritative parents don’t punish straight away but explain to them what they did was wrong and show them want to do. Authoritative parents should help their children with their decision so that they can become wiser. Authoritarian parents and Authoritative parents both want a level of control over their child’s behavior/activities. Authoritarian parents believe they are always right and never wrong, but Authoritative parents know they make mistakes and correct themselves. Authoritarian parents shouldn’t control their children. If they do this, their child will fight them; it can become a toxic environment, and children can end up resenting their parents and hating them for the rest of their lives, and no parents want that.

If a parent can combine these two teaching styles into their child, the environment will be better, less fighting, decrease depression, anxiety, help their self-esteem. They will build a stronger connection, and that’s what parents want with their child a bond. When children are in trouble, they’ll come to their parents for help and advice than anyone else because of their connection and are willing to listen and not only punish them; don’t pick one type of parenting style; balance them out. So says Kenda Cheery in her “Authoritative Parenting Characteristics and Effects,” “Try not to be too harsh nor too lenient; you can start by letting your child make more decisions, but also have regular discussions about those choices. With time, attention, and flexibility to your child’s needs”. Both these parenting styles have positive and negative effects, and it’s the parent’s choice to either pick one of them or combine them.

References

Cherry, Kendra. “What Is Authoritarian Parenting?” Verywell Mind, www.verywellmind.com/what-is-authoritarian-parenting-2794955. 

Amy Morin, LCSW. “Strategies That Will Help You Become More Authoritative to Your Kids.” Verywell Family, 26 Oct. 2020, www.verywellfamily.com/ways-to-become-a-more-authoritative-parent-4136329. 

“Authoritarian Parenting: What Happens to the Kids?” Parenting Science – The Science of Child-Rearing and Child Development, www.parentingscience.com/authoritarian-parenting.html. 

Li, Pamela. “What Is Authoritative Parenting? [With Examples].” Parenting For Brain, 29 Oct. 2020, www.parentingforbrain.com/authoritative-parenting/.

“4 Types of Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Kids.” Wellness Mind, 14 July 2019, wellnessmind.org/4-types-of-parenting-styles/.  

Tracy Trautner, Michigan State University Extension. “Authoritarian Parenting Style.” MSU Extension, 20 Sept. 2018, www.canr.msu.edu/news/authoritarian_parenting_style. 

Sawicki, Rachel. “Personal Essay: I’m Not Angry, I Just Have Authoritarian Parents.” The Review, 5 Mar. 2020, udreview.com/personal-essay-im-not-angry-i-just-have-authoritarian-parents/. 

Christin Perry December 06, and Christin Perry. “Authoritarian Parenting: The Pros and Cons, According to a Child Psychologist.” Parents, 6 Dec. 2019, www.parents.com/parenting/better-parenting/style/authoritarian-parenting-the-pros-and-cons-according-to-a-child-psychologist/. 

Stephney, Shonette. The Effects of Rewarding Positive Behavior in Children, Ministry of Education, Guyana, 2 Nov. 2015, www.education.gov.gy/web/index.php/parenting-tips/item/1785-the-effects-of-rewarding-positive-behavior-in-children. 

“The Pros and Cons of Authoritarian Parenting.” Blessed Learners, 20 Sept. 2018, www.blessedlearners.com/pros-and-cons-of-authoritarian-parenting/. 

Li, Author Pamela. “Authoritative vs Authoritarian Parenting Styles [Infographic].” Parenting For Brain, 29 Oct. 2020, www.parentingforbrain.com/authoritative-vs-authoritarian-parenting/. 

Cherry, Kendra. “Do You Have an Authoritative Parenting Style?” Verywell Mind, 17 Sept. 2020, www.verywellmind.com/what-is-authoritative-parenting-2794956. 

Posted in hailthegreat8, Portfolio HailTheGreat8, Research | 5 Comments

Research – clementine

Posted on November 18, 2020 by clementine102

Third Trimester Abortions Leaves Woman with a Lifetime Of Trauma

Pregnant woman face a huge misconception that third trimester abortions are harmless, when in reality, getting third trimester abortions can be super gruesome and hard. Numerous studies have been performed by many doctors to prove that woman who have had an abortion are more susceptible to having their physical health be diminished over time, but more significantly on their mental health. Woman who have had a third trimester abortion also struggle with maintaining a satisfactory life for themselves, and even families in some cases. If pregnant women today were informed that they could possibly endure a painful emotional disorder called Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome after going through the process of having a third trimester abortion, woman will want to give birth instead of aborting the baby. 

The goal for most woman, in fact all people, is to have a satisfactory life. We can also say that we would do anything it takes, if is laid out before us, to improve or increase the status of our life. For some pregnant woman who know they can’t support their baby, think that having abortion will improve their quality of life. According to Understanding Abortion: From Mixed Feelings to Rational Thought, woman who believe that abortion does not violate any morals, feel as though having an abortion lets them to have a better quality of life if not the same quality of life than if you were to give birth. However, woman who have an abortion in their third trimester unweariedly allow a diminished life to walk through their door. Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome is sadly, commonly seen in woman who have had an abortion in their third trimester. When Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome (also a parallel to Post Abortion Syndrome) is addressed in woman, many studies show that their abortion is a traumatic experience. 

Woman are not informed on the matter of late-term abortion and how you can contract many mental health issues and physical distortions on the body. Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome is a condition in which pregnant woman after a third trimester abortion has persistent mental and emotional stress as a result of their phycological shock. In accordance with Andrew Dadlez in “Post Abortion Syndrome: Creating An Affliction,” Post Abortion Syndrome is the specific name given to woman with PTSS that is specific to abortions, specifically going through a third trimester abortion. Phycological shock is misunderstood in the sense that everyone thinks that we need to see a traumatic event happen before our eyes in order to contract this shock. In fact, phycological shock can happen to us without us even realizing it. In this case, abortion is an event that most people overlook when talking about phycological shock. When a woman is pregnant with a baby, they create a phycological attachment, so when the baby is taken away through abortion, they go through this shock.

It is undeniable that pregnant woman have a developmental relationship with their unborn fetus. Since the fetus is quite literally attached to the mother, there is an obvious physical connection between them. Surprisingly, there is a psychological connection between the mother and the fetus as well. According to Journal of Reproductive and Infant Phycology, the MFR (Mother Fetus Relationship) grows the longer they are pregnant. Like normal relationships, the more you put into the relationship, the more you are likely to grow and become more attached to it. For example, a woman who treats her body well by eating healthy is subconsciously demonstrating care and commitment for the fetus without her ever having the intentions to care and commit for it. Being able to physically feel the fetus move around their stomach creates intimacy between the two. Furthermore, the saying “Seeing is Believing” is quite true in the third trimester since the article “Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Childbirth: Associations with Prenatal Attachment in Subsequent Pregnancies” states that more than fifty two percent of woman have more of an attachment to the fetus once she sees her stomach bulging. All of these examples of the MFR are unavoidable when pregnant in the third trimester. When the fetus is displaying signs of life inside the woman, everyone can agree that any pregnant woman would have second thoughts on terminating the baby. Woman go through reluctancy mostly because they create a relationship with the baby without ever having the intention to.  There are many more examples of the unavoidable intimacy between the mother and fetus but it doesn’t stray away from the fact that woman still go through with their abortion procedures.

When having guilt, it is to be described that you are to recognize/believe that your thoughts, feelings, or actions have violated personal and/or moral standards of behavior values, believing one is responsible for the event, perceived lack of justification for behavior, and/or beliefs that the event was foreseeable and thus preventable according to “Dimensions of Decision Difficulty in Women’s Decision-Making About Abortion: A Mixed Methods Longitudinal Study.” It could be argued that woman who do not feel reluctant to have an abortion does not induce guilt because most who don’t feel reluctant believe that abortion doesn’t violate their own moral standards. For someone who feels reluctant, based on the information that is stated above, inevitably experiences things in their third trimester that might go against their formally established moral standards. However, whether a pregnant woman is in her first or third trimester, they will have internal conflict since the fetus’s intimacy with the mother is already there.

To cope with this conflict, the mother either decides if she is the “victim” or “aggressor” of abortion subconsciously. If she is the victim, the mother is already going through traumatic guilt and stress but if she thinks she is the aggressor and wanting to get rid of the baby for sure, she is trying to get it over with and put her feelings aside because the abortion is what she needs to do. Being the “aggressor” will not cause as much guilt as the “victim” because the mother made the decision that it was something she needed to do. It is stated that both the “victim” and the “aggressor” will experience guilt, but the “victim” puts the blame on themselves, which ultimately causes more guilt in them by the article “Post Abortion Stress.” About forty-seven percent of eighty who had a third trimester abortion in a phycological test study by revealed that their brain wanted to avoid their guilt as much as possible. You could conclude that the forty percent of woman felt like they were a “victim” in the act of their abortion. A pregnant woman who is reluctant about having an abortion feels like they are a “victim” since she is subconsciously recognizing that she could of prevented the abortion and it was also foreseeable. Whether a pregnant woman is an “aggressor” or a “victim”, they both experience guilt but the difference is that the “victim” recognizes things before the “aggressor” does before getting the abortion. The attitude of being a victim pours into the argument that feeling reluctant about going through with an abortion causes massive amounts of guilt trauma. 

Reluctancy to go through an abortion is caused by the uncontrollable intimacy you have in the three trimester you carry the baby for which ultimately makes the mother go through more guilt trauma. Guilt comes into play even before the mother even goes through the pregnancy if she is feeling reluctant about it. That is shown through the relationship mothers make with the baby without having the intent to. For a mother who is not reluctant to have an abortion in the third trimester, she doesn’t have as nearly as much as guilt as if someone who is reluctant because having reluctancy shows that they could of prevented it from happening. Since guilt trauma has a direct correlation to PTSS, MFR factors dramatically affects the reluctancy of woman but also affects how severe their syndrome is.

For some woman, they might not feel guilty about aborting but will experience mental chronic stress due to the MFR every mother has psychologically. However, for the woman who do feel unsure about their decision to abort and still go through with the procedure, make it a whole lot worse for themselves by continuing. The types of procedures done for third trimester abortions are hard to imagine which makes a woman who is reluctant about getting a third trimester abortion more stressed. Abortions that are performed after the fetus being 20 weeks in the womb, when not done by induction of labor (which leads to fetal death due to prematurity), are performed by having the woman go through the “Dilation and Evacuation” procedure. According to “The Reality of Late-Term Abortion Procedures,” these horrid surgical techniques include crushing, removal, and dismantlement of a fetus from a woman’s uterus, weeks before, or after the fetus reaches the developmental age where they could survive without the mother. In some cases, especially when the fetus is past the stage of being healthy enough to live on its own, late term abortion may involve the lethal injection into the fetus’ heart to ensure that the fetus is alive when it is pulled out or has the ability to survive. That means that without a lethal injection, when the baby is taken out of the woman’s vagina, it has a possibility of surviving. However, according to E. Johnson, that is very rare. This means that when the fetus is extracted from the women’s vagina, there could be developed parts of the baby that the mother herself could see. This can be fairly traumatic if the women are not informed that there is a possibility for her to see a dismantled baby. Woman who are reluctant about getting a third trimester abortion will go through extreme mental conflict and make their PTSS symptoms worse. 

As scary as it sounds, woman who contracted PTSS after their abortion can affect their own household because it has been proven that PTSS can be contagious. In the article “Is PTSD Contagious,” a report was done on a military family of how a family was affected by one’s PTSD in the home. The guy who has PTSD is a veteran named Caleb Vines who was sent to Iraq to serve in the war and happened to come back with the condition. His wife Brannan and their daughter, both were experiencing symptoms of their loved one’s disorder even though they never been to war. Branna Vines experiences hyperawareness, hypervigilance, and also has triggers. She ended up having secondary traumatic stress which is still super severe. Trauma is a contagious disease. Their daughter would lash out for no reason and Branna knew that it came from the trauma of Caleb. They classified this as secondary trauma. They sent their daughter to a school therapist to help her as well. The family has had a hard time keeping together because of how much it has changed their life. Since PTSD and PTSS are fairly similar, if exactly similar, PTSS would have the same effect on a home. 

A major reason why some woman choose abortion over giving birth is that they are afraid of bringing another life into her family will negatively impact her lifestyle. There is a false narrative that when woman give birth to their baby, society does not cater to their needs. Many woman argue that giving birth to a baby would effect their family whether it is financially speaking or relational speaking. They may be right, however, society caters to their needs without them realizing it. For example, many women in the United States and even around the world are infertile, which means that they are unable to reproduce. In fact, in the United States, ten percent of woman between the ages of 15 and 44 are infertile, which is the equivalent of 6 million woman. We can say that out of these women, there are definitely a good portion of them that wish to have kids of their own. A lot of woman desire to create their own family and wait on unborn child adoption. However, some mothers who give birth to unwanted children suffer so much, but not as much as the unwanted child.

If a mother gives birth to an unwanted child, the mother-child relationship is a very important role in how the child will develop behaviorally. In the article “Unwanted Childbearing, Health, and Mother-Child Relationships,” their research indicates that wanted children have better relationships with their mothers throughout childhood and even into adulthood than children who were unwanted by their mothers. Mothers who had an unwanted pregnancy spank their children more frequently and Doctor Logan found one study that concluded unwanted children are more likely to be a victim of physical abuse as well. The negative relationship between unintended births and mother-child relationships continues into adulthood. Unwanted children felt that their mother’s affection was not enough because they know the pre-destined relationship the mother had in mind when she was pregnant with them. Overall, this research concludes that unwanted children are susceptible to lower quality relationships between their mothers. There was another research done by Najman Hayatbakhsh who studied 4,765 unwanted pregnancy children’s behavior up to when they turned 14. In this study, Hayatbakhsh monitored anxiety, depression, aggression, externalizing, delinquency, attention problems, withdrawal problems, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and many more. He found that the highest issues in these children at 14 were externalizing, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking. All of the issues listed were still high but the three that he highlighted were the most prevalent. This shows that having an unwanted pregnancy doesn’t just affect the child phytologically and physically, it also affects them behaviorally. 

Along with the unwanted child suffering, an unwanted child being born into a family affects the whole family negatively. Barber suggests that the mother would suffer from depression, perceive time pressures that prevent them from spending time with all of their children, and experience lower quality spousal relationships. We all know that having parental issues affects the whole home no matter what which ultimately will lead their intended pregnancy children to feel unwanted. Having parental issues could also result in divorce which would in turn bring distress to the children, especially the unwanted children.

Arriving at the decision to go through with an unwanted pregnancy is a hard decision in itself. Once the unwanted child is born, it is intertwined into the mother’s life. Giving birth to an unwanted child might be very inconvenient for the mother’s career path or lifestyle, but the mother’s lifestyle is not an excuse to be neglectful to their child. However, society can cater to mothers needs if she feels like she will be neglectful to the child. If the mother wants a better life for her baby, she can put her baby up for unborn child adoption. Many women in the United States and even around the world are infertile, which means that they are unable to reproduce so this way of adoption benefits them greatly. In fact, in the United States, ten percent of woman between the ages of 15 and 44 are infertile, which is the equivalent of 6 million woman. We can say that out of these women, there are definitely a good portion of them that wish to have kids of their own. A lot of woman desire to create their own family and wait on unborn child adoption which is great alternative for mothers who do not want their baby to have a bad life.

In America, we have amazing freedom in this country to which woman have the right to abort. However, nobody talks about the fine line print. Woman have supported the right to abort so much that they always have left me with the impression that abortion was a positive thing. According to “Post Abortion Stress,” abortion-rights advocates have stated that abortions after 20 weeks in the womb are performed because of health complications or lethal baby anomalies discovered late in the pregnancy.  However, data from the medical literature and late-term abortion providers, and some planned parenthoods, indicates that most of these procedures are not performed for these reasons. Pregnant woman who are not sure what safe adoption alternatives are out there need to know that there is other woman who desperately want children. It is safe to say that pregnant woman who have an abortion, especially when they are in their third semester when the baby is mostly grown, are selfish to not make this decision. Having a third trimester abortion ruins your lifestyle and mental health for long term. Why would woman have a third trimester abortion knowing the consequences for it when they have numerous opportunities before them? Pregnant woman who choose to abort are doing a disservice for themselves because they accept the risk of contracting mental illness when they have an opportunity to do good. 

Pregnant woman who want to go through with a third trimester abortion will always inevitably go through internal conflict of whether it is a good decision or not. There is internal conflict because there is physical intimacy between the baby and the mother. The intention to abort will always be a conflict with the per-existing tendency to be attached to their un-born child. This conflict that woman go through is in itself an experience of emotional stress. PTSS is a very concerning issue in mother’s who choose to abort in the third trimester. More pregnant woman who are looking to abort in the third trimester need to be informed by the horrible disservice they are doing for themselves. It can lead them with a life long time of metal suffering along with the suffering of those around them. PTSS is highly contagious in a family home setting which can cause relational problems Considering all of the emotional stress leading up to and after a third trimester abortion, conceiving the baby would eliminate the risk of contracting PTSS that they would’ve brought into their life if they made the decision to abort.

References

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Schwarz, Stephen D, Stephen D Schwarz, and Kiki Latimerm. Understanding Abortion: From Mixed Feelings to Rational Thought. Lanham, MD: The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2012. Print.

Biggs, Rowland. “Does Abortion Increase Women’s Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress? Findings from a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.” BMJ open 6.2 (2016): e009698–e009698. Web.

Johnson, E. A. (2015, January 20). The Reality of Late-Term Abortion Procedures. Charlotte Lozier Institute. https://lozierinstitute.org/the-reality-of-late-term-abortion-procedures/

Erikson, R. C. (1991). Post Abortion Stress. Retrieved November 17, 2020, from http://lifeissues.net/writers/air/air_vol3no4_1991.html

DADLEZ, ANDREWS. “POST-ABORTION SYNDROME: CREATING AN AFFLICTION.” Bioethics 24.9 (2009): 445–452. Web.

Logan, C., Ph. D., Holocombe, E., Manlove, J., Ph. D., & Ryan, S., Ph. D. (2007). The Consequences of Unintended Childbearing (pp. 1-5-6, Rep.). Child Trends. doi:12/1/20

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  Barber, Axinn. “Unwanted Childbearing, Health, and Mother-Child Relationships.” Journal of health and social behavior 40.3 (1999): 231–257. Web.

  Hayatbakhsh, Najman. “A Longitudinal Study of Child Mental Health and Problem Behaviours at 14 Years of Age Following Unplanned Pregnancy.” Psychiatry research 185.1 (2010): 200–204. Web.

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