Not Because- Thecommoncase

Posted on April 19, 2021 by thecommoncase

1. Coats was fired for violating workplace policy, not because he was using a legal drug, marijuana, for a legitimate purpose for which he had a prescription.

2. An employer is unable to fire a person who has anxiety because they are taking the correct medication to deal with the issue.

3. Employees never get fired for going out and having a few beers after work because alcohol is legal, but in Colorado so is marijuana.

4. It is unjustifiable to fire Coats because he was trying to treat the pain he endured on a daily basis.

5. It’s unfair to discriminate against him because he was able to ease the pain of his multiple spasms by using marijuana.

6. Coats was smoking marijuana but he was doing so on his own time and not at work, so no one at his work would be harmed by him.

BACKGROUND FOR 7-10: The director of the Secret Service ordered an internal review of its security procedures around the White House after a man armed with a knife who jumped the fence at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue on Friday night managed to make his way through the front door of President Obama’s home before being stopped, officials said Saturday.

7. Omar Gonzalez was unable to penetrate deep into the White House because of the swift actions of Secret Service agents.

8. The Secret Service believes that it’s unnecessary to explain its actions because of the way it  responded to the breach of the White House, but how the breach occurred is under question.

9. Secret Service chief Julia Pierson was saved from being fired because of her testimony before Congress yesterday. Her incompetence might cost her her job though.

10. Secret Service agents felt no need to use deadly force against the intruder because he was carrying a knife with a 4-inch blade.

Posted in thecommoncase | 1 Comment

Annotated Bibliography- Thecommoncase

Posted on April 19, 2021 by thecommoncase
  1. National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2021, March 03). Opioids. Retrieved March 07, 2021, from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/opioids

Background: The National Institute on Drug Abuse summarizes the chemical makeup of opioids and explains how they affect the human body. It lists the different classes of opioids, including illegal substances like heroin and prescription opioids like Oxycontin®. The NIDA warns that even controlled use from a prescription can lead to opioid dependence, abuse, misuse, and addiction. They also mention that, even though it is harder to access opioids, the number of people who overdose on opioids has increased. To combat this, there are drugs that can help treat opioid addiction.

How I Used it: I used this article to explain how opioids create a euphoric feeling, which is what makes them so addictive. I wanted to emphasize that the euphoric feeling is the biggest problem with opioids, and that even a controlled prescription can lead to addiction and overdose. 

  1. U.S. opioid Dispensing RATE MAPS. (2020, December 07). Retrieved March 07, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/maps/rxrate-maps.html

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention releases maps depicting the distribution of opioid prescriptions in the United States each year. The data shows that, between 2006 and 2012, the number of opioid prescriptions that were dispensed increased to over 255 million people. Since 2012 the distribution of opioids has steadily decreased, but there are some areas of the United States where the number has remained high enough to supply a prescription for each person residing in that area. As of 2019, the total number of prescriptions has decreased to 153 million. Along with the total number of prescriptions, the CDC also creates a graph of the dispensing rate per 100 persons, which showed that 46.7 people per 100 persons are receiving an opioid prescription. They also provide the number and percentage of counties that have available data. In 2019, out of 3,142 counties, there were 3,095 (98.5%) counties with available data on opioid dispensing rates.

How I Used it: Although the rate at which opioids are prescribed in the United States has decreased since 2012, I wanted to provide factual data about how widely available opioids are throughout the United States. I also felt that it was important to point out that the data includes all types of opioid prescriptions, including short-term and long-term. Opioids are commonly prescribed to patients who have recently been released from the hospital to deal with pain post-treatment. By using this article, I wanted to express that there are a few valid reasons as to why opioid availability is still so high in the United States, even during the opioid epidemic.

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2016) Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain, Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/citedby/10.3109/15360288.2016.1173761?scroll=top&needAccess=true

Background: In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a new guideline for prescribing opioids to patients with chronic pain. To combat against the opioid epidemic the CDC is recommending that clinical practices make improvements to the means at which opioids are prescribed in order to lessen the number of opioid addictions in chronic pain users. The article goes over when to start or continue prescribing opioids, medication selection, dosage, discontinuation, and risk assessment.

How I Used it: The guideline mentions the use of immediate-release opioids and extended-release/long-acting opioids, which determines the length of time the medication is in effect. I mentioned this in my article to explain how medical researchers have been able to alter opioids in order to provide patients with the prescription that will treat their pain in the way they need it to. I also wanted to show how much research has been done to try and change opioids so that they can still be used in many types of medical situations.

  1. Butanis, B. (2018, April 30). What are opioids? Retrieved March 07, 2021, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/opioids/what-are-opioids.html

Background: The Johns Hopkins Medical school gives a synopsis about what opioids are and what they derive from. The article goes over how opioids that are used medically are known as painkillers and that opioids can also be classified as illegal substances, like heroin. It explains how opioids affect the brain and the additional side effects that can occur. The article then goes on to warn about the dangers of prescription opioid use, and encourages people to heavily evaluate their level of risk if they are thinking about asking a doctor for an opioid prescription.

How I Used it: I used this article to define what opioids are and to share that there are more side effects than the one people may think of, like addiction. I wanted to emphasize that taking opioids exposes the body to numerous health risks while increasing the chance of addiction and overdose.

  1. Physicians’ opioid prescribing patterns linked to patients’ risk for long-term drug use. (2018, June 22). Retrieved March 27, 2021, from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/press-releases/opioids-addiction-physicians/

Background: A study conducted by Harvard T.H. Chan and Harvard Medical School found that patients who are prescribed opioid medications by doctors that frequently prescribe them are more likely to succumb to opioids for years, even if they were only given one prescription. Long-term opioid use increases the risk of addiction, and this is one of the reasons why the opioid epidemic is still plaguing the United States. The researchers doing the study claim that more solid prescribing practices must be inculcated to ensure that there is similarities in doctor’s prescribing practices.

How I Plan to Use it: I plan to use this article to discuss how prescribing practices should be carefully regulated and that doctors should not be able to get away with practicing medicine so recklessly. I want to emphasize that the opioid epidemic is only going to get worse if doctors in the United States continue to rely on opioid prescriptions. 

  1. Kessler, A., Cohen, E., & Grise, K. (2018, March 12). CNN Exclusive: The more opioids doctors prescribe, the more money they make. Retrieved March 27, 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/11/health/prescription-opioid-payments-eprise/index.html

Background: Researchers at Harvard University worked with CNN and ran an analysis of doctors that accepted payment from opioid manufacturers during 2014-2015 and the number of opioid prescriptions written for Medicare patients. They found that doctors who prescribe opioids most often are being paid by pharmaceutical companies that make opioids. The data showed that pharmaceutical companies paid 200,000 doctors for prescribing opioids to their patients. Not only that, but doctors who misuse their privilege to prescribe medication like opioids are paid even larger amounts of money. These doctors are receiving seven hundred dollars, or more if they are also providing other services, such as consults and meetings. 

The researchers are unsure if doctors prescribe more in hopes of receiving more money, or if opioid manufacturers find high-prescribing doctors and pay them just for prescribing more. But Dr. Michael Barnett believes that this pattern makes clinicians think that they are creating value with no repercussions. The CNN article also tells about two women who were dealing with opioid addiction found out that their doctors had been accepting money from manufactures who created the thing that destroyed part of their lives. 

How I Plan to Use it: I want to use this article to talk about how disturbing it is that opioid manufacturers will go through large sums of money just to make sure that their product value increases. The doctors are just as responsible for ruining thousands of lives by choosing greed over their promise to care for their patients. In my essay I want to use this to show why the pharmaceutical industry refuses to look into possible alternatives to opioids. They have enough power and money to persuade hundreds of thousands of doctors to prescribe opioids, which is one of the main reasons why opioid use is so overwhelmingly prevalent.

  1. University, G. (2019, February 13). Prescription drugs. Retrieved March 28, 2021, from LINK

Background: The Georgetown University Health Policy Institute discusses how prescription drugs are extremely important in modern healthcare, and that people diagnosed with a chronic illness are reliant on prescription drugs in order to function as best they can in their daily lives. Over half of the adult U.S. population is prescribed a drug. The national surveys that gathered data on American adults who use prescription drugs found that prescription drug use and the price of the drug increases with age.

How I Used It: I used this article to show how common it is for people to have a prescription drug. I explained that the pharmaceutical industry benefits off people with chronic illnesses and that they do not wish to find better treatments because the drugs they have now make them a lot of money.

  1. Krane, E. J. (2019). The Opioid Debate—PRO. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 35(6), 468–472. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000700.

Background: The writer claims that opioids are just as beneficial as they are harmful. He briefly goes over the effects the opioid crisis has had on the United States, and explains that the response from citizens was to blame the opioid manufacturers, the prescribers, and the government. The author argues that restricting access to opioids and punishing over-prescribers will not solve the opioid crisis. He explains that there are healthcare workers and people diagnosed with chronic pain who support prescription opioid use, and that opioids are a last-resort option that is guaranteed to work. He discusses the risks, benefits, and the possible alternatives to opioid medication.

How I Used it: I used this source to argue that even though opioids can be beneficial to certain people in certain situations, the damage of the opioid crisis is too severe and the United States can no longer afford to only look at the little picture. Overall, more people end up suffering from opioid use rather than gaining from it. Opioids offer temporary pain at the price of risking addiction and dealing side effects that can cause more pain.

  1. Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, et al. Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018;319(9):872–882. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0899

Background: This clinical trial was conducted to find out whether opioid painkillers or non-opioid painkillers were more effective in treating back, knee, or hip pain. 240 participants were assessed over a 12 month period to see which group felt more relief and had improved function. The study revealed that the non-opioid group experienced less pain than the opioid group, although there was no significant difference between the two groups in regards to their improvement in pain-related function.

How I Used it: I used this clinical trial to support my claim that opioid treatments help improve people’s pain and function only temporarily. I refuted the opposing claim that opioids are the definitive superior over all other treatment options by discussing the numerous side effects that opioids have that increase pain. 

  1. Rieder, T. N. (2018). There’s never just one side to the story: Why America must stop swinging the opioid pendulum. Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics, 8(3), 225-231. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.rowan.edu/10.1353/nib.2018.0071

Background: Bioethicist Travis Rieder writes about the pro and anti opioid points of view, and claims that both sides are asking for two different extremes. He believes that if pro-opioid advocates were able to lessen restrictions on opioid prescriptions it would encourage doctors to prescribe carelessly. He also mentions that, at times when opioids were more accessible to the public, that was when the opioid crisis was at its worst. In regards to the anti-opioid argument, Rieder states that under-prescribing is also part of the problem, and that opioid prescriptions are similar to other medications, in the sense that they have damaging side effects but have proven to work extremely well. He believes the recklessness of the doctor’s prescribing opioid medications is what makes opioids so abundant and dangerous.

How I Used it: I used this article to show that I understand that the opioid crisis cannot be solved by simply prohibiting opioid prescriptions, and that doing so would have an opposite effect. People taking opioid prescriptions would not only suffer from their pain, they would also go through withdrawal. This would put many people into dangerous situations by trying to find other methods to ease their pain and withdrawal symptoms.

  1. What is an opioid? (2016, May 25). Retrieved from https://archives.drugabuse.gov/blog/post/what-opioid

Background: The NIDA discusses opioid use and how it affects the brain. The summary mentions how 20,000 people die each year from prescription overdose, and suggests that all citizens in the United States should be educated on what opioids are and what they do. The summary also explains the differences between opioid prescriptions and heroin, which is that heroin is injected or snorted so the effects happen quicker and with more intensity.

How I Used it: I used this article to point out that the euphoric “high” people feel while taking opioids is what makes them vulnerable to addiction, and that most pro-opioid arguments tend to ignore the role euphoria plays in opioid treatment. The NAtional Institute on Drug Abuse strongly recommends that opioids should only be taken for as long as they are needed, otherwise, the risk of addiction or dependence will steadily increase.

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Not Because-imgoingswimming

Posted on April 19, 2021 by imgoingswimming

1. Coats was fired  for violating workplace policy, not because he was using a legal drug, marijuana, for a legitimate purpose for which he had a prescription.

2. An employer is unable to fire a person for taking the correct medication to deal with the issue.

3. Employees can not get fired for going out and having a few beers after work because alcohol is legal, but in Colorado so is marijuana.

4. Coats was trying to treat the pain he endured on a daily basis so he shouldn’t have fired.

5. He was able to ease the pain of his multiple spasms by using marijuana, so it is not fair to discriminate against him.

6. Coats was smoking marijuana on his own time and not at work, so he wasn’t harming anyone at his job.

7.  Thanks to the swift actions of Secret Service agents, Omar Gonzalez didn’t penetrate deep into the White House.

8. Thanks to the was the Secrete Service responded to the breach of the White House they are not compelled to explain, but how the breach occurred is under question.

9. Secret Service chief Julia Pierson’s incompetence might cost her her job, but it won’t be fired because of her testimony before Congress yesterday. 

10. Omar Gonzalez was carrying a knife with a 4-inch blade so Secret Service agents didn’t use deadly force.

Posted in imgoingswimming | Leave a comment

Rebuttal Rewrite-CompIIstudent

Posted on April 19, 2021 by compiistudent

Mutual Trust is Essential

The idea that the media is biased one way or another has been around for a long time, but has really become a mainstream topic for many people in the last 4-5 years, largely because of the campaign antics of Donald Trump and his supporters. A big part of his driving force for his presidential campaign was preaching to the right that the media was biased against them and they were being silenced, therefore the media could not be trusted. This helped him win the 2016 Presidency over Hillary Clinton in the end. This was in large part due to all of the media exposure he got because of these claims he was making. Whether or not the coverage of his statements were in a positive light or a negative one, it still got his name out there that he won the election. For the next four years, his Presidency caused a divide down the political aisle that had not been seen in decades, and is very relevant in our current climate. A big reason for that is due to one side of that aisle not having any faith in the media at all, claiming that everything that is put out is “fake news.” If trust in the media is regained, then the divide can begin to heal. This idea that trust in media is essential has been around for a long time and does not pertain to this current state of affairs. It is true that this idea has been around for a long time, but to think that it is not a key building block to move the country forward is wrong.

In 1988, Albert Gunther wrote that, “A recent series of experiments demonstrated that audience members more partisan or biased on a specific issue are more likely to percieve bias in media treatment of that issue.” This statement supports that media bias is not a new occurence. However, it is possible that it is much more relevant today than it was in 1988. Today, the right feels more than ever that they are belittled by the media, while a lot of the left feels that there is no bias towards them at all. There are cases to be made for and against both sides of that. It is true that a lot of media platforms put out things that right wing people might not always agree with, but at the same time, there certainly are platforms that definetely lean right, Fox News being the biggest one of those. It is probably safe to say that today both sides are more invested in politics and current events, just because it is so easy to access all of it in different forms of social media and the internent. Because of this, everyone now feels a wide range of things whenever anything happens pertaining to politics, and they feel like the media is pushing one agenda or another. In that regard, Gunther’s statement is more relavent now than it was when he said it in 1988.

Another factor in why people might not trust the media is because they just do not trust the government in general. David A Jones wrote an article about trust in media in 2004, saying that “One key factor appears to be trust in government, suggesting that the media’s lowly stature may stem more from general political malaise than from the many shortcomings of contemporary news coverage. Interestingly, trust in the media is particularly low among conservative Republicans, especially those who listen to political talk radio.” This has been relevant to the argument all along, and it is true that the majority of those who do not trust the media do not trust the government either. However it appears that this narrative goes both ways, and that trust in one would build up trust in the other. trusting the government in general is a whole different argument. But since it is the same group of people not trusting either one of those entities, it seems to be a fair assumption that if trust in the media is gained, it could go a long way to help trust in the government overall.

Another counter-argument to this might ask if trust in the media is really that important overall? It is definetely a valid question, but he answer is very important. At this point in time, media should be viewed as much more than an outlet for the news, which is almost strictly what it was up until recenly. Now however, media is everything to society. Most of today’s structure is built around the internet, so that is where media is. It shows just where people are getting their news from, which is how they form their opinions. The younger audience is much more likely to get information from social media platforms such as Instagram and Snapchat, while older folks might generally stick to newspapers and news on tv. In 2015, Sarah Stonebely wrote that ” Contemporary ethnographies have placed greater emphasis on journalistic agency and on the networked nature of newswork, though I question whether an emphasis on organizational constraints is still not politically warrented.” She discusses how in today’s society, media does not have to be just one main thing, it can branch out and be many things at once. This is very important in today’s situation, because the way people view the media is largely based on how it is brought to them.

All this being said, media has been a backbone of society for the longest time, dating back to the days when the printing press was invented and people were able to get news around. Ever since then it has played a huge role in the world. Today we stand at a very critical point in our country, and hopefully we could use the media to bring the United States to be somewhat more united. To downplay the role that the media currently has would be extremely foolish and would set us back probably even farther. That is something that both sides of the aisle can agree on.

References

Jones, D. A. (2004). Why Americans Don’t Trust the Media. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 9(2), 60-75. doi:10.1177/1081180×04263461

Gunther, A. (1988, June 1). Attitude Extremity and Trust in Media – Albert Gunther, 1988. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107769908806500203?journalCode=jmqb

The Social and Intellectual Contexts of the U.S. “Newsroom Studies,” and the Media Sociology of Today. (2013, November 21). Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1461670X.2013.859865

Posted in compiistudent, Portfolio CompIIStudent, Rebuttal Rewrite | 5 Comments

Rebuttal- compIIstudent

Posted on April 19, 2021 by compiistudent

The idea that the media is biased one way or another has been around for a long time, but has really become a mainstream topic for many people in the last 4-5 years, largely because of the campaign antics of Donald Trump and his supporters. A big part of his driving force for his presidential campaign was preaching to the right that the media was biased against them and they were being silenced, therefore the media could not be trusted. This helped him win the 2016 Presidency over Hillary Clinton in the end. This was in large part due to all of the media exposure he got because of these claims he was making. Whether or not the coverage of his statements were in a positive light or a negative one, it still got his name out there that he won the election. For the next four years, his Presidency caused a divide down the political aisle that had not been seen in decades, and is very relevant in our current climate. A big reason for that is due to one side of that aisle not having any faith in the media at all, claiming that everything that is put out is “fake news.” If trust in the media is regained, then the divide can begin to heal. This idea that trust in media is essential has been around for a long time and does not pertain to this current state of affairs. It is true that this idea has been around for a long time, but to think that it is not a key building block to move the country forward is wrong.

In 1988, Albert Gunther wrote that, “A recent series of experiments demonstrated that audience members more partisan or biased on a specific issue are more likely to percieve bias in media treatment of that issue.” This statement supports that media bias is not a new occurence. However, it is possible that it is much more relevant today than it was in 1988. Today, the right feels more than ever that they are belittled by the media, while a lot of the left feels that there is no bias towards them at all. There are cases to be made for and against both sides of that. It is true that a lot of media platforms put out things that right wing people might not always agree with, but at the same time, there certainly are platforms that definetely lean right, Fox News being the biggest one of those. It is probably safe to say that today both sides are more invested in politics and current events, just because it is so easy to access all of it in different forms of social media and the internent. Because of this, everyone now feels a wide range of things whenever anything happens pertaining to politics, and they feel like the media is pushing one agenda or another. In that regard, Gunther’s statement is more relavent now than it was when he said it in 1988.

Another factor in why people might not trust the media is because they just do not trust the government in general. David A Jones wrote an article about trust in media in 2004, saying that “One key factor appears to be trust in government, suggesting that the media’s lowly stature may stem more from general political malaise than from the many shortcomings of contemporary news coverage. Interestingly, trust in the media is particularly low among conservative Republicans, especially those who listen to political talk radio.” This has been relevant to the argument all along, and it is true that the majority of those who do not trust the media do not trust the government either. However it appears that this narrative goes both ways, and that trust in one would build up trust in the other. trusting the government in general is a whole different argument. But since it is the same group of people not trusting either one of those entities, it seems to be a fair assumption that if trust in the media is gained, it could go a long way to help trust in the government overall.

Another counter-argument to this might ask if trust in the media is really that important overall? It is definetely a valid question, but he answer is very important. At this point in time, media should be viewed as much more than an outlet for the news, which is almost strictly what it was up until recenly. Now however, media is everything to society. Most of today’s structure is built around the internet, so that is where media is. It shows just where people are getting their news from, which is how they form their opinions. The younger audience is much more likely to get information from social media platforms such as Instagram and Snapchat, while older folks might generally stick to newspapers and news on tv. In 2015, Sarah Stonebely wrote that ” Contemporary ethnographies have placed greater emphasis on journalistic agency and on the networked nature of newswork, though I question whether an emphasis on organizational constraints is still not politically warrented.” She discusses how in today’s society, media does not have to be just one main thing, it can branch out and be many things at once. This is very important in today’s situation, because the way people view the media is largely based on how it is brought to them.

All this being said, media has been a backbone of society for the longest time, dating back to the days when the printing press was invented and people were able to get news around. Ever since then it has played a huge role in the world. Today we stand at a very critical point in our country, and hopefully we could use the media to bring the United States to be somewhat more united. To downplay the role that the media currently has would be extremely foolish and would set us back probably even farther. That is something that both sides of the aisle can agree on.

References

Jones, D. A. (2004). Why Americans Don’t Trust the Media. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 9(2), 60-75. doi:10.1177/1081180×04263461

Gunther, A. (1988, June 1). Attitude Extremity and Trust in Media – Albert Gunther, 1988. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/107769908806500203?journalCode=jmqb

The Social and Intellectual Contexts of the U.S. “Newsroom Studies,” and the Media Sociology of Today. (2013, November 21). Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1461670X.2013.859865

Posted in compiistudent, Portfolio CompIIStudent, Rebuttal Essay | Leave a comment

Bibliography-JohnWick66

Posted on April 19, 2021 by johnwick66

Source 1:  Brooks, David . 2019. “The Cruelty of Call-Out Culture.” New York Times, January 14.

Background: This is an opinion article. The author of the article recalls a podcast that told the story of Emily, a member of a hard core punk band and how she basically disowned her bestfriend after an accusation was made about him. Only for her a few years later have the same scenario happen to her and she lost everything. Then how her accuser relishes in her pain and doesn’t care what happens to her next. The author then goes on to say how through these incidents society stops looking at these people like humans and more like the embodiments of good vs evil.

How I used it: This article was the first source that I used to help form my idea in regards to how cancel culture could target anyone and how it dehumanizes the cancelled. I mainly used it in my definition essay to expand upon the idea of cancel culture and the reach it possess. This article also exposed me to the NPR podcast episode it was based around, giving me another essential source that was used in my definition essay.

Source 2: The callout. (2018, April 13). Retrieved April 19, 2021, from https://www.npr.org/2018/04/13/601971617/the-callout

Background: The callout is an episode of the npr podcast which recalls the story of a girl named Emily who was part of the hard-core punk music scene in Richmond, VA. One night she was traveling with her best friend who was part of a popular band heading to a gig in Florida. During the trip the venue cancelled their appearance because a women accused Emily’s bestfriend of sending unwelcomed sexually explicit photos. While his band mates dismissed her allegations Emily would go on to denounce her best friend as an abuser through a callout(a early form of cancel culture). She would lead the forefront into cancelling him which worked. She heard rumors about him getting fired, evicted from his apartment, and had to move to a new city. Fast forward several years later Emily herself would get called out for a body shamming comment she made in a group chat back in highschool over a decade ago. The same consequences that happened to her former friend happened to her. The person who called her out reveled that by doing so he received a rush from his actions and that he didn’t care what happened to her. The podcast also covered the idea of callouts and how they gave power to women in the punk scene.

How I used it: Like the previous source I incorporated it into my definition essay, using it as my main example to how cancel culture can reach anyone. Also including how the section of the man exposing her and not caring what happens to her as a waypoint into the idea of how the cancelers use these incidents as opportunities to trash and dehumanize the cancelled since its there fault they are in this mess.

Source 3: “What is the cost of ‘cancel culture’?”. BBC News. 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2021-01-06

Background: The article from the “BBC” first covers the actions of Mr. Paulinich, a social media activist that regularly posts videos of people saying prejudice things in an attempt to cancel them. His account is gaining followers as more people come together in support. Then the article goes on discussing what cancel culture is and the effects of it on not only people, but companies and brands alike(aunt Jemima, Uncle Bens, Land o Lakes). Then finishes the article by discussing how the targets need to be able to make amends for their actions.

How I used it: For this source I mainly used it more as a reading material for my overall ideas. The ideas in this articles weren’t bad but rather the some of the ideas presented in this article were already mentioned in source one, so I mainly focused more on source 1 with those ideas presented then these source. Another reason is that while the cancellation of companies is a good point I could use in cancel culture, the cancellation of products doesn’t match well with my thesis of how people are made worse because of them being cancelled.

Source 4: Huffman, E. M. (2016). Call-out culture: How online shaming affects social media participation in young adults (Order No. 10120833). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1795577817).

Background: The document is about call out culture and how online shaming affects young adults and how they participate in social media. The document establishes that social media is filled with lurkers. (People who use social media but don’t post on it) about 90% of social media users are lurkers. It discusses and points put that the reason their are so many lurkers compared to actual participants of social media because majority of users(the lurkers) fear being publicly shamed for anything they may post online. So rather than take that risk by participating, they would much rather observe the content and posts of others. The paper also went into detail on how shaming has been used by humans dating back to the creation of the bible as a means to enforce social norms of the time period. Including examples like whipping slaves and tar and feathering colonist’s of pre-Revolutionary Boston.

How did I use it: This document was used towards the end of my Causation essay. After using an example of cancel culture creating the thing they are trying to end, I used this document to explain a side effect of cancel culture on social media. How people, specifically teens and young adults are participating less in social media out fear of being cancelled(or publicly shamed as the document puts it). I use the states in the document in order to show how the lurkers likely viewed someone they knew get cancelled and decided that the best ay to avoid the same fate is to do nothing online.

Source 5:Trottier, D. (2018). Coming to terms with shame: Exploring mediated visibility against transgressions. Surveillance & Society, 16(2), 170-182.

Background:The text is a “report” on public shaming and its creation, use in todays society, what exactly it is and if we overstep our boundaries with it. It also covers and distinguishes the differences between social/public shaming and shaming in a parent/child relationship and how they aren’t similar and that through today’s social media the shaming of our “transgressors” is out of proportion to the actions committed.

How I used it: I took an example of public shaming being used from the document and used presented it in my Definition essay . Using it as a way to show the potential effects of cancel culture as shown in the document. (Little side note: I may change the example used from this document for the definition essay during my revision of it later this week)

Source 6: Aitchison, G., & Meckled-Garcia, S. (2021).Against Online Public Shaming: Ethical Problems with Mass Social Media.: EBSCOhost (rowan.edu) 47(1), 1–31. https://doi-org.ezproxy.rowan.edu/10.5840/soctheorpract20201117109

Background: The article covers how the mass online gatherings of people who desire to ruin the life of someone that did or said something they didn’t agree with and how even though the people who said/did the thing may be wrong in what they did, that doesn’t make it justifiable in how their lives are basically ended by these crowds. It also covers hypothetical case of a women who, through the use of social media, makes a post that isn’t to well received and proceeds to run through what would typically happen in a situation like this. Explaining the process that occurs and how she would be systematically picked apart from all angles.

How I used it: Originally I was planning to include it in the Causation essay, however during the first draft I determined to rather focus on the lurking on social media subject rather than include this source.

Source 7:Gypsy crusader origin story. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2021, from https://www.bitchute.com/video/4rT3P97tlDV6/

Background: This video is a explanation given by Paul Miller, more commonly known by his online persona Gypsy Crusader in his transformation into a supremacist. During his video he explains how cancel culture systematically destroyed his life and threatened his family following a altercation he had with members of Antifa back in 2018. That through cancel culture Millers life was forever altered and felling powerless to this change did the only thing he felt he still had the power to do. He turned into a white Supremacist and would openly call people racial and sexual slurs online as a way of living. As he explains in his video, it was through his actions that he felt like he was able to take back some kind of control.

How I used it: The video was a primary source in my Causation essay as to show an example of how cancel culture creates the vary thing they are trying to stop. Paul Miller’s fall from average citizen to major online racist because of cancel culture serves as a great example to demonstrate why cancel culture doesn’t work. It also serves as another example of just how much the cancelled are dehumanized with cancelers actually traveling to his mothers house in order to threaten her with violence.

Source 8: Shaming smokers can backfire — journal report. (2020, Jun 08). Dow Jones Institutional News Retrieved from http://ezproxy.rowan.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fwire-feeds%2Fshaming-smokers-can-backfire-journal-report%2Fdocview%2F2410593508%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D13605

Background: This document is a study that experimented with shaming smokers and observing their reactions to the negative comments. During the experiment the group that was exposed to the negative stereotypes associated with smoking were shown to be much more likely to smoke than people who weren’t exposed to those negative messages. The document goes onto to discuss that the reason for the outcome is attributed to the a phycological phenomenon known as a stereotype threat. Where people are so anxious about being identified in a negative way that they end up confirming the behaviors they are trying to avoid. Basically like a self filling prophecy.

How I used it: During the Rebuttal essay I mentioned the study and its results due as a way to tie it together with cancelled people becoming racist. If smokers are more likely to smoke because they facing negative backlash for their behavior, then by that same idea and the Stereotype threat phenomenon people who are cancelled for things they said or do are just as likely to become racist.

Source 9: Vujić, K. (2021, April 05). A guide to the many, many scandals of James Charles. Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.thecut.com/article/james-charles-allegations-and-accusations-explained.html

Background: The article is list of several different accusations James Charles has faced over the last few years that all relate to cancelable offenses. The same article explains how James keeps getting accused of some questionable actions and how despite all that, he keeps seemingly to be able to weasel out of being cancelled, even when he openly admitted to grooming minors.

How I used it: I included the information in this article for my Rebuttal essay in order to show how James keeps avoiding being cancelled despite his behavior. He seemed like a perfect example to how cancel culture misses certain people. Especially due to the nature of his accusation, usually including some sort of sexual behavior to it.

Source 10: Holding myself accountable. (2021, April 01). Retrieved April 12, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsjwRp8_lWA

Background: This is the video James Charles posted following his most recent accusation of grooming minors. This video is basically him telling the events that transpired from his point of view, but during it he openly admits to flirting with the minors he was accused of, but makes an excuse that they lied about how old they were when they first started talking.

How I used it: During the Rebuttal essay I used it very closely with source 9. Explaining how despite his confession the cancel culture community have been ignoring this transpiring story.

Source11: Reilly, W. Are Hate Crime Hoaxers Above the Law? . Acad. Quest. 32, 553–561 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12129-019-09829-x

Background: This article retells how back in 2019 then popular TV actor Jussie Smollett faked a being attacked by white racist’s. Following the incident Jussie was swarmed with support from the media and fellow celebrities. However as time progressed it was discovered the he hired people and faked it in order for him to gain popularity. Then as he prepares for trial he was dismissed on all charges despite the over whelming evidence being raised against him. The article then continues on to how

How I used it: This article was implemented as another example during the Rebuttal essay. This one was more focused on racial issues. Also it was a way to tie in the potential reason as to why certain celebrities don’t get cancelled, also for this situation not only did cancel culture not go after him but the media avoided him at all costs following him being exposed.

Source 12: Snyder, J. (2020). Backlash against human rights shaming: Emotions in groups. International Theory, 12(1), 109-132. doi:10.1017/S1752971919000216

Background: A short article that explains how Human rights groups are using shaming as a central tool to their cause even though they are aware its declining in effectiveness. The article explains that if shaming is continued to be used by these groups then it will lead to the creation of counternarratives that will become a resistance to the movement. Shaming may leave human rights groups farther from their goals.

How I used it: This was used alongside Source 8 in the Rebuttal essay. It worked well with Source 8, playing along with the idea of stereotype threat as well. Not only supporting itself better but Source 8 since it allows the idea of stereotype threat to transfer from smokers to Cancel culture.

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Annotated Bibliography – carsonwentz1186

Posted on April 18, 2021 by Chris McGee

Albanese, L. (2020). Members of Super Bowl champion GIANTS Remember 1990 fondly. Retrieved April 12, 2021

Background: This article reflects on the reactions to the New York Giants winning the Super Bowl in the 1990 season with a mid round Quarterback named Jake Hostettler. The Giants won this Super Bowl by defeating the Buffalo Bills led by Hall of Fame Quarterback Jim Kelly.

How I used it: I used this article to support the idea that it is possible to win a championship with a mid round Quarterback. Jake Hostettler defeated a Hall of Fame Quarterback who was signed to a very lucrative contract for the time the game was being played and I used this in my rebuttal argument to refute the idea that Quarterbacks with the big contracts are the only ones who can get a team to the Super Bowl.

Benne, J. (2016). A look back at THE Panthers’ first Super Bowl appearance. Retrieved April 12, 2021

Background: This article takes the reader on a flashback to the 2003 NFL season where the Carolina Panthers went to the Super Bowl under the leadership of a free agent undrafted quarterback by the name of Jake Delhomme. The Panthers were able to pull 3 upsets en route to a Super Bowl appearance vs Tom Brady and the New England Patriots.

How I used it: I used this article as another example of how you don’t need the highest paid Quarterback in the league to succeed. I also used this as an example because of the two Quarterbacks involved in that Super Bowl: an undrafted free agent and a sixth round pick still on his rookie contract in Tom Brady who would later become one of the greatest quarterbacks to ever play the sport.

Christopherson, C. (2020). “Do Massive Quarterback Contracts Limit Teams in the Long Run?”. Sports Illustrated Kansas City Chiefs News, Analysis and More, Sports Illustrated Kansas City Chiefs News, Analysis and More, 28 Aug. 2020

Background: Patrick Mahomes is considered by most to be the best Quarterback in the NFL. The Kansas City Chiefs recently extended him to a 10-year $450M contract. He is one the latest in the line of massive Quarterback contracts to be doled out to a Quarterback around the league. This article gives the details of the contract and debates whether or not the Chiefs will be able to sustain success down the line.

How I used it: This source proposes a similar question relating to my thesis on whether or not paying a Quarterback a substantial amount of money will lead to team success. The contract itself will really begin to kick in in the years to come which can give the reader something to keep an eye on as the years go by.

DaSilva, C. (2021). Rams paid the (BIG) price for extending Jared GOFF two years early. Retrieved March 28, 2021

Background: The Rams in the summer of 2019 signed their former Quarterback Jared Goff to a 4-year extension worth $134M. This past month, the Rams traded Jared Goff to the Detroit Lions for mid round draft picks and Matthew Stafford. In order to get rid of Goff, the Rams had to give extra compensation just to unload their thought to be franchise Quarterback because of a few bumpy seasons further financially crippling their team.

How I used it: This source perfectly exemplifies my thesis in action. The Rams made a mistake by paying their believed to be franchise quarterback two years early, and instead of securing the future of the team like the signing was meant to do, it made the Rams cap struggles worse by having to give up extra compensation just to get rid of him making the financial struggles even worse for the team.

Davis, S. (2020). “Tom Brady Sacrificed at Least $60 Million in His Career Helping the Patriots Build Super Bowl-Winning Rosters.” Business Insider, Business Insider, 17 Mar. 2020

Background: Tom Brady is considered one of the greatest quarterbacks to ever play the game of football. However, he could not win the amount of championships he won without the players that have surrounded him throughout his career. Brady has been known to take salary cap hits in order to allow the Patriots to allocate resources into other positions of need to help him succeed. This method resulted in 6 championships over his 20 year career in New England.

How I used it: The career of Tom Brady is the exact model of how not overpaying for a Quarterback can still result in the ultimate goal of winning a championship. Brady’s willingness to cooperate with the Patriots and their financial situation easily allowed the Patriots to distribute resources throughout the roster rather than commit a substantial amount to one position supporting my thesis that there are better ways to build a championship roster.

Finlay, J. (2020). Wentz’s contract GIVES Eagles WORST QB situation in NFC East. Retrieved April 12, 2021

Background: The Philadelphia Eagles have recently found themselves in the middle of one of the messiest financial situations in NFL history because of a series of bad contracts, and the biggest being their former Quarterback Carson Wentz. The Eagles in the summer of 2019 signed Wentz to a 4-year $128M extension to be their Quarterback of the future. 2 years later, Wentz resides in Indianapolis and the Eagles now have to pay the largest dead cap hit in NFL history at $34.7M.

How I used it: I used this article as an example of how committing a massive amount of money to a Quarterback too early can cause more harm to the success of the team than aid. I used this article in my rebuttal to further prove my point that paying Quarterbacks a substantial amount of money is more of a risk than it is a benefit to a team’s future.

Mulholland, Jason. (2018). “Optimizing the allocation of funds of an NFL team under the salary cap.” 28 Dec. 2018

Background: This study was done with the goal in mind to analyze how to properly allocate resources throughout an NFL roster. Through theoretical models and equations, the overall result of the study is there is no clear benefit of overpaying one single player to win it all.

How I used it: I used this study to support a previous point of the Seattle Seahawks defeating this prior notion that you have to heavily overcompensate a Quarterback to win a championship. I used this in my Definition Argument to further my point that there is no real need to overpay for a Quarterback because it is in fact more harmful to team construction.

Winsberg, Max. (2014). “Player Compensation and Team Performance: Salary Cap Allocation Strategies across the NFL.” 1 Dec. 2014.

Background: This study was done on the relationship between player salaries and on field performance as a result. The conclusion reached on this study was there is no positive correlation between the overcompensation of players and overall team performance.

How I used it: I used this in my definition argument to aid my point that the overcompensation of players hurt a team’s construction more than it helps. This statement leads into the jealousy flaw among teammates of this belief.

Rolfe, B. (2021). Deshaun Watson’s contract DETAILS, salary cap impact, and bonuses. Retrieved March 28, 2021

Background: The Houston Texans recently signed their franchise Quarterback to a 4-year $156M contract shortly before the start of the 2020 NFL season. After a year of seemingly everything going wrong for the team, Watson has expressed his discontent with the team and is currently attempting to force his way out by requesting to be traded. The financial catastrophe that would be experienced by the Texans should he be traded would be substantially large and would be paying him a large amount of money to play for a different team next season.

How I used it: The financial cap hit for the release of Deshaun Watson would absolutely cripple their salary cap and restrict them from making moves in free agency to better their team by paying a player to play elsewhere next season. This article further supported my thesis that paying a quarterback a substantial amount of the salary cap hurts a team in the long run more than helps them.

Schalter, Ty. (2017). “The Art of Navigating the NFL Salary Cap.” Bleacher Report, Bleacher Report, 19 Sept. 2017

Background: This article details just how difficult it is to navigate around an NFL salary cap. There are ways to work around everything through restructures and signing bonuses to lessen the yearly cap hit from a contract. The Seattle Seahawks were the example used and in 2013 were the perfect example of how to successfully build a roster while also managing the salary cap efficiently.

How I used it: I used this article in my causal argument and definition rewrite to give the reader more of an idea on just how a championship roster can be constructed without the necessity of paying a Quarterback an obscene amount of money. The 2013 Seattle Seahawks were the perfect example of how playing “Moneyball” is just as effective or even more effective than committing a substantial amount of the salary cap toward one player.

Torres, Blanca. (2019). “Debate Swirls around CEO Pay.” Baltimoresun.com, Baltimore Sun, 6 Apr. 2019

Background: This article talks about how Ben and Jerry’s Ice Cream for a brief time enforced a policy where the CEO could not make more than a certain times the amount of the lowest paid employee to make wage dispersion throughout a company more fair and balanced.

How I used it: I believe the NFL could institute a policy like this in order to limit the amount a Quarterback would make to allow teams to more effectively disperse resources throughout the entire roster to field a better product which not only improve the overall product of the NFL, but improve the income of the league and all 32 teams as well.

Posted in Bibliography, carsonwentz1186, Portfolio CarsonWentz | Leave a comment

Bibliography- Icedcoffeeislife

Posted on April 18, 2021 by icedcoffeeislife
  1. Hanton, S., & Connaughton, D. (2020). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance. Retrieved 2021, from https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/docview/218503534/fulltext/29A7E8B928F04248PQ/1?accountid=13605
    1. Background: This article is focusing on the relationship between anxiety and self-confidence in swimmers. The study was conducted to see what the true effects were on a swimmer’s performance. Thought the article made clear the effects that were being made and techniques to get over 
    2. How I use it: I used this article as a way to show how anxiety can affect the way a swimmer performs in a meet. Seeing The effects that anxiety has on a swimmer’s self-confidence, is connected to how a swimmer performs. 
  1. Jones, G., & Hanton, S. (2019). Interpretation of Competitive anxiety symptoms and goal attainment Expectancies. Retrieved 2021, from https://web-a-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=1c0a1e13-571f-4448-9a7e-5f9bf237936a%40sdc-v-sessmgr01
    1. Background: The focal point of the article was to see how anxiety was connected to swimmers creating goals in their sport. Swimmers creating their goals, have to take into consideration if their anxiety is going to affect if they achieve these goals or not. The study was done to see how many athletes achieved their goals and how some could not achieve them.
    2. How I used it: This article helps me understand better how anxiety affects a swimmer’s goals. Either it is to determine what their goals should be or how they are planning on executing the goal in the water. Anxiety can take away the motivation to finish or create a goal.
  1. Van Rheenen, D. (1999). Academic motivation and the student athlete. Retrieved 2021, from https://bit.ly/3du358m
    1. Background: This study done by the Behavioral Sciences focuses on the difference between men’s and women athlete’s mood changes during training. Looking at the changes in their mood throughout training, allowed us to have a better understanding of how to help athletes get over their mood and get back to focusing on their training. 
    2. How I used it: This article helped show how an athlete’s mood may change throughout training. Well also showing that not all athletes go through the same moods and feel the same thought-out training. I used this as a way of showing that anxiety does not affect every person the same. 
  1. Cia, S. (2000). Physical exercise and mental health: A content integrated approach in coping with college students’ anxiety and depression. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/233005480?fromopenview=true&pf-orgsite=scholar
    1. Background: In the article, it focused on a study that was done on how tai chi was used to help student-athletes that are suffering from anxiety and depression. The study was done throughout a couple of weeks. At the end of the study, student-athletes showed improvement on how to handle their anxiety through tai chi. But in the end, tai chi was only helpful for a couple of weeks. 
    2. How I used It: The common understanding of anxiety is that different people are faced with different levels of it. Though tai chi is one of the ways that a person can overcome their anxiety. But this does not mean that it is helpful for every person. With giving an understanding of different methods to help with anxiety, there is not always a one-way fix.
  1. Page, S. J. (1999). The Effects of Imagination on Female College Swimmer’s Perceptions of Anxiety. Retrieved from https://web-a-ebscohost-com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=c4ad7709-1034-4531-92a9-a2bc6d2cd265%40sdc-v-sessmgr01
    1. Background: The article focuses on how imagery affects female swimmers’ anxiety. Imagery is a type of technique used to help athletes lower their stress in their sport. In the article, a study is done throughout the swim season. With imagery, some swimmers were able to lower their anxiety levels where others did not feel or see any change, 
    2. How I used it: I used this evidence as a way of showing a different technique that is used by some athletes that helped them lower their anxiety and stress levels. This technique brought in different ideas than other types of techniques, because the main focus of imagery is to try to imagine the races you’re swimming. By doing this it is taking the stress out of the races. 
  1. Stoa, R., Fogaça, J., & Johnsen, L. (2020). Feel the Pressure: Stress and Intrinsic Motivation in Collegiate Swimmers. Retrieved 2021, from http://csri-jiia.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/RA_2020_13.pdf
    1. Background: This article provides the proper need in the background effects that anxiety has on swimmer’s motivation. Focusing on the motivational aspect of swimming and anxiety can either positively or negatively affect a swimmer. In the study, they look at different aspects of what makes a swimmer motivated. Through their training, coaches, and personal goals. 
    2. How I used it: I used this article to show how anxiety can either have a negative or positive effect on a swimmer’s motivation. Showing examples from the study on how swimmers were affected, made it easier to show the effects that anxiety has. 
  1. Hongmei Li, J. (2017). Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms and Prospective injury risk in collegiate athletes – Hongmei Li, Jennifer J. Moreland, Corinne Peek-Asa, Jingzhen YANG, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0363546517702847?journalCode=ajsb
    1. Background: In the article done by the American Journal of sports medicine, they write about the effects that preseason anxiety affects in season injury. Looking at the preseason anxiety, made it clear that even when a swimmer is not in season they are still caning on the pressure of the training and competing on them. The conclusion of the article showed that swimmers that suffered from more preseason anxiety were more likely to suffer from an injury.
    2. How I used it: This article provides useful information on how anxiety from swimming can affect them when they are not in season and can cause injury later in life. The evidence made it clear that there is a large number of athletes that go through preseason anxiety and how it affects them. Using the information from the article helps form a more in-depth thesis. 
  1. Vacher, P., Nicolas, M., Martinent, G., & Mourot, L. (2017, June 07). Changes of swimmers’ emotional States during the preparation of National Championship: DO recovery-stress States MATTER? Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01043/full
    1. Background: The article focuses on the changing emotional state of swimmers before their championship meet. The study that was conducted in an article looked at atlas over 4 months leading out to their championship meet. Leading up to the championship swimmer’s emotions were on a Rollercoaster motion. Going from happiness to anger, to excitement to anxiety. This made it clear that an emotional state of a swimmer is changing constantly and no one swimmer is the same. 
    2. How I used it: Taking the information that I learned from the article made it clear that every swimmer has their own emotions when it comes to competing. Some swimmers are not faced with a lot of stress, where others can go from being happy to stress in a matter of seconds just from swimming practices. This strengthens my thesis that swimmers will face some type of stress thought their swimmer career. 
  1. Hatteberg, S. (2015). Institutional stress and compromised social support in collegiate athletics: The student-athlete experience. Retrieved April 17, 2021, from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1709243641?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true
    1. Background: The article is focusing on a study that looks at the stress and social support that students- athletes face. Student-athletes are faced with more pressure ten regular students due to the pressure they get to perform well in school and competition. This type of stress creates anxiety in athletes. With a look at the support that athletes get either through their coaches, a teammate, or a sorts psychologies. 
    2. How I used it: Taking this information into my writing. Help strengthen my argument. Looking at the compilation that the pressure that is put on student-athletes compared to other students is a breeding ground for creating anxiety or depression. 
  1. Van Rheenen, D. (1999). Academic motivation and the student athlete. Retrieved 2021, from https://bit.ly/3v0USyG
    1. Background: The purpose of this study was to see the stress that was formed from student-athletes between their sport and school to see how they dealt with the stress. The athletes that were selected were given a survey every week to take. At the end of the study, it was shown that athletes that were success-orientated were to do better than student-athletes that were not. 
    2. How I used it: I used this information when I was writing my definition argument the most. Looking into how different athletes approach they take to deal with their anxiety Some ways are more successful than others. This just showed that every athlete is different and they have different ways of dealing with being a student-athletes. 
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Bibliography-Justheretopass

Posted on April 18, 2021 by justheretopass

Annotated Bibliography

Becker, S. P., & Gregory, A. M. (2020). Editorial Perspective: Perils and promise for child and adolescent sleep and associated psychopathology during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(7), 757-759. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13278

Background: This source talked about the negative impacts Covid-19 has on children and adolescents in the sleep aspect. Children being forced to stay in their homes isolated has had a negative effect on them to their health and sleep. 

How it was used: This source was used to talk about how Covid-19 not only affected children and adolescents in school but health and sleep wise. Students being home all day will increase their chances of sleeping during the day at a higher rate, and by them not being able to go outside and exercise regularly their health is being compromised.

Iwai, Yoshiko. “Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Scientific American Blog Network, Scientific American, 13 Mar. 2020, blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/online-learning-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/. 

Background: This source talks about how the author woke up late for class and how she was never really able to concentrate during remote learning. 

How it was used: This source was used to show the problems and ineffectiveness of remote learning and how it was compromising with students’ learning and their ability to actually concentrate.  

Kecojevic, A., Basch, C. H., Sullivan, M., & Davi, N. K. (2020, September 30). The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. Retrieved February 23, 2021, from https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0239696

Background: This source talks about how Covid-19 impacted college students from Northern Jersey. They ran tests on students to see how their mental health has been impacted. 

How it was used: I used this source to demonstrate how students were being affected eternally. I wanted to talk about how mental health was growing as students were being forced to learn the same challenging subjects over a screen. 

Tucker, Kristine. “Synonym.” Classroom.synonym.com, 2017, classroom.synonym.com/. 

Background: This source talks about the main differences of an in person class versus a remote online class. 

How it was used: I used this source to explain the challenges of conducting online classes effectively when everyone in the class is so used to an in person class. How it’s hard for teachers to actually get a sense of which students get the topic and which don’t and for the students because they can’t have that one on one time with the teacher to actually understand the topic.

Koenig, R. (2019, December 11). Most Students and Faculty Prefer Face-To-Face Instruction, EDUCAUSE Surveys Find – EdSurge News. EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2019-12-11-most-students-and-faculty-prefer-face-to-face-instruction-educause-surveys-find.

Background: This source talks about how most students would rather be completely or mostly face-to-face learning environments. 

How it was used: I used this source to talk about how in person class was more beneficial and better liked by students over online learning. 

Krakoff, S. (n.d.). The cost of online education vs. traditional education. https://online.champlain.edu/blog/cost-of-online-education-vs-traditional-education.

Background: This source talks about the cost differences between and myths of traditional college versus online college. 

How it was used: I used this source to debunk the idea that online college is always cheaper than traditional college. 

Newton, D. (2021, April 8). Another problem with shifting education online: cheating. The Hechinger Report. https://hechingerreport.org/another-problem-with-shifting-education-online-cheating/

Background: This source talks about how cheating on exams rose to an alarming number over remote learning. 

How it was used: I used this source to talk about how students weren’t really learning the subject in online school, they just knew how to find the information/answers online and they used that to pass the class. 

Pitt, D. (2020, April 8). Face-to-face learning is better than online. The Crimson White. https://cw.ua.edu/64870/opinion/face-to-face-learning-is-better-than-online/.

Background: This source talks about how students get distracted very easily because of the fact that they are in the comfort of their own home instead of a school setting. This source also talks about how some classes can’t be taught online. 

How it was used: I used this source to explain how online school shouldn’t be an option after we get hold of Covid-19. I took the example the source stated which said that it is very hard to teach a science class stricky remote. Students need to have on hand labs and see the experiences in person so they learn. 

Students Get Lower Grades in Online Courses. Harvard Business Review. (2015, March 30). https://hbr.org/2013/12/students-get-lower-grades-in-online-courses.

Background: This source talks about how two classmates of Columbia University did a study to show the negative impacts of a students persistence in sticking with a course. 

How it was used: I used this source to talk about how students are more likely to get lazy and just completely stop caring about school and missing work. If students were in person then teachers can get on them more about missing work since they are online the only thing they really can do is just email them. 

Terry, C. (2020, August 7). Noodle. https://www.noodle.com/articles/are-online-classes-cheaper. 

Background: This source talks about how online classes are supposedly cheaper than traditional classes but that isn’t the case. 

How it was used: I used this source to help me debunk the idea that all online classes were cheaper than traditional classes. 

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Bibliography- imgoingswimming

Posted on April 18, 2021 by imgoingswimming

Annotated Bibliography

1.  Brown, A. B. (2020, January 9). Electric Cars Will Challenge State Power Grids. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved March 29 2021.

Background: This source is PEW saying that state power grids will change thanks to electric cars. The article states multiple statistics on how much electricity production will need to be produced in order to keep up with the new demand.

How I Used It: This source was used to identify how each state has a similar goal, yet having largely different demands. Some states need to produce less than a ten percent difference over the next fifteen years while others need to produce upwards of fifty five percent more energy.

2.  Cars, Trucks, Buses and Air Pollution. (2008, July 18). Union of Concerned Scientists, Retrieved March 30 2021.

Background: The Union of Concerned Scientists talks about negative impacts of technologies on the environment. In this article they talk about air pollution from gasoline and diesel vehicles.

How I Used It: This source was used as a control when comparing emissions of gasoline and diesel cars and the pollution from electricity plants in order to show the similarities.

3.   Commerford, T. M. C. (1905)Electrical Apparatuses and Supplies.. US Census Bereau, Retrieved March 29 2021.

Background: This is the American census from 1905 which catalogs statistics on electrical appliances and supplies.

How I Used It: This was used to talk about how electric vehicles have been around for longer than we think. These electric vehicles power were powered from coal just as our cars are today.

4.  Electric Utilities. (n.d.). American Lung Association. Retrieved April 5, 2021, Retrieved March 29 2021.

Background: This source is the American Lung Association who specializes in talking about pollution and its effect on the human body. This article talks about the chemicals produced along with its health effects.

How I Used It: This source was used to counter that production of electricity for electric vehicles is just as bad as the emissions produced directly from a fossil fuel burning car.

5.   Electric Vehicle Benefits. (n.d.). Energy.Gov. Retrieved March 30, 2021.

Background: This article is from the office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This article gives information on negative effects of gasoline vehicles and positives of electric vehicles.

How I Used It: I used this article in order to counter some of its arguments. Some of these arguments are stretched or used language to say electric vehicles are better when they are not. I referenced different quotes throughout the my paper.

6.   Electricity in the U.S..- U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (n.d.). U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2021. 

Background: This source is the U.S. Energy Information Administration who gives statistics on energy consumption. This page on the website specifically talks about statistics in the U.S. on energy consumption

How I Used It: I used this source to give information on what percent of our energy is not clean in the United States. This source was also used to compare our energy production to the production of other countries’ energy.

7.  Environmental Impacts of Solar Power. (2013d, March 5). Union of Concerned Scientists, Retrieved April 10 2021.

Background: This source is the Union of Concerned Scientists who talk about negative impacts of certain technologies such as the environmental impacts of solar power.

How I Used It: This source was used to identify the downsides of solar energy. This source was used as a counter argument to why it is hard to achieve 100% total clean energy when powering our vehicles and how we can not just use the argument of turning to solar as a fallback.

8.   Fast Facts on Transportation Greenhouse Gas Emissions. (2020, July 29). US EPA, Retrieved April 14 2021.

Background: This source is the United States Environmental protection agency. This source gives information on what percent of pollution is produced from each sector in the United states like transportation, electricity, and industry.

How I Used It:  I used this source to compare the minimal difference between pollution of electricity and the transportation sector. I also used this to talk about the percent that is from passenger cars. Later this was used to say we should focus on heavy duty vehicles because of their almost twenty percent contribution to the transportation sector of pollution.

9.  Gasoline Phaseouts Around The World. (n.d.). Coltura – Moving beyond Gasoline. Retrieved March 29, 2021.

Background: This source is a non profit organization whose goal is a gasoline free America. The source has a list of different states, cities, and countries goals regarding phasing out gasoline vehicles.

How I Used It: This source offers information regarding when it is believed we will start phasing out gasoline vehicles. I used this to give dates that each state is expecting to reach this goal so that people may understand that we will be going to electric cars in the very soon future. I also use this source to show many states have the same goals even though they have much different challenges.

10.   International China- U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).(n.d.). U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved April 3, 2021.

Background: This source is the U.S. Energy Information Administration speaking on energy production in China. This gives statistics on what percent of power is produced by dirty energy.

How I Used It: I used this source to compare energy production in China versus the United States and India. I used this to say how hard it would be for other countries to try to reach the same goals we are setting. This is especially hard for countries that need to produce so much energy and don’t care about their effect on the planet.

11.   International India- U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (n.d.-b). U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved April 4, 2021. 

Background: This source is the U.S. Energy Information Administration speaking on energy production in India. This gives statistics on what percent of power is produced by dirty energy.

How I Used It: I used this source to compare energy production against the United States and China. I used this because India has some of the dirtiest energy in the world. I used this to say it would be almost impossible for India to reach clean energy in the next thirty years

12.   The Environmental Impact of Lithium Batteries. (2020, November 12). IER. Retrieved April 5 2021. 

Background: This source is the Institute for Energy Research which talks about the environmental effects of lithium mining. They say that lithium mining has huge environmental effects on our planet from the pollution of water which also affects nearby communities.

How I Used It: I used this source to talk about the negative effects from electric cars themselves. Most electric cars need lithium in their batteries in order to function. I talked about how this mining pollutes water and leaves nearby communities having to find water in other places. The demand for lithium mining will just increase over the next ten years and increase this pollution. 

13. U.S. Fire Administration. (2019, June 18). Coffee Break Bulletin. Retrieved April 5 2021. 

Background: This source is the U.S. Fire Administration. This source provides firefights information on how to put out an electric vehicles fire and the different challenges that come unlike gasoline or diesel car fires. This source talks about why they may start and the pollution emitted from these chemicals in these vehicles batteries.

How I Used It: This source was used to talk about why electric vehicle fires can happen with no warning and also gives the reader an idea of how many toxic chemicals make up an electric car battery.

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