Rebuttal Rewrite-Aquarela

Posted on December 8, 2020 by aquarela

EMOTIONAL ABUSE: WHO TO BLAME?

Parents and caregivers usually bring up the difficulties of having children. Some of them recognize the emotional abuse and its effects, but they tend to defend themselves by saying that others do not know what they are going through and parenting is one of the most difficult experiences. Although they might be right about its difficulties, we also should remember that bringing a baby to the world is not the baby’s responsibility but their parents. If someone needs help, they should be looking for it in the right place. Besides harming children, parents who abuse their kids also end up having more problems with them, and eventually a harder experience.

By saying that, a parent’s effort and work is not underestimated. Parenting is difficult and has never been easy. Yet, our wounds will not decrease by hurting those we love most. Parents’ stress is understandable, and they need support, but how to expect for them to have this support from a child by yelling at them? We constantly should remember that babies are born without their consent, and they should be as respected as they are protected from physical violence. Again, it is important to look for help in the right place. Therefore, parents’ relationship with their kids will improve.

Today parents are striving to be more conscious of their children and attitudes. The social services, health workers, and schools are more trained and supportive than earlier. However, there is still one thing that most people are not very well informed about: the physical effect of emotional abuse and its impacts in the future. Recent research shows that emotional abuse and neglect cause some neurological issues that lead to various problems, such as cognitive disorders and socio-emotional disruptions. Indeed, emotional abuse’s impact is not a new theme in the psychology field.

For Dodge, Pettir and Battes, the lack of affection when interacting with the child can trigger insecurity, hostility, aggression, and vulnerability in their social relationships. The consequences of family neglect can be diverse and lasting. Family neglect can facilitate children’s early contact with the most diverse risk environments, leaving them vulnerable to various forms of violence, affecting their mental and physical health. But also, when exposing children to risk, there can be relatively small physical consequences, such as rocks and small cuts, and even serious consequences, such as hemorrhages, bone fractures, and, in some cases, even death. In the long term, the consequences can be severe, such as neurological impairment, damage to physical health, and several complications that favor fragile health.

References

Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Ridge, B. (1998). Interaction of temperamental resistance to control and restrictive parenting in the development of externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychology, 34(5), 982–995. Retrieved December 11, 2020, from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/docview/614328930?accountid=13605&pq-origsite=primo

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Definition Rewrite-Aquarela

Posted on December 8, 2020 by aquarela

Childhood is hell.

Childhood is a hell where we suffer more than ever because children do not know that they are suffering. Although emotional abuse awareness has lately increased in society, most children are still being abused, especially by their parents. Many families have always been negligent. Despite everything, they have survived generations and generations and continue to live in modern times.

Child abuse presupposes that someone has a child. We define basic conditions to mean as simple as food, school, or health, but sometimes the affection and attention that “being so simple’’, for certain families, can become a difficult responsibility. Furthermore, this responsibility does not start after birth, but as soon as the pregnancy begins. Children are born with a history of nine months.

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Neglect and abuse result from a complex combination of individual, family, and social factors. Being a single mother or father, being poor, having problems with drug or alcohol abuse, and/or having a mental problem (such as personality disorders or low self-esteem) can make a parent more likely to practice neglect or abuse against the child. Besides, adults who have suffered physical or sexual abuse as children are more likely to abuse their own children. Neglect is identified twelve times more often in children living in poverty than those who do not.

First-time parents, teenage parents, and parents who already have several children under the age of five are also at an increased risk of abusing their children. Women who do not seek antenatal care, who smoke, practice drug abuse, or have a history of domestic violence during pregnancy may be at risk of abuse against their children. In these cases,  sometimes strong emotional bonds between parents and children do not develop. This absence of emotional ties occurs more often in premature babies or sick babies separated from their parents in early childhood. Since mothers and babies are not able to have time with each other, they may not create an emotional bond which is vitally important to new-born babies.

Parents, too often, do not harm their children on purpose. However, as we do not allow our children to express their feelings as adults do, we assume that we know what is best for them, and the abuse becomes acceptable. Alice Miller, the famous Polish-Swiss psychotherapist, says in one of her books, ‘’Parents are indeed capable of routinely torturing their children without anyone interceding.’’ She also admits that she was very far away from being an ideal mother, but she learned from her own experience that children are the most vulnerable human beings for being children. We can see this fact through a simple example; when someone starts harassing an adult in public, other people interfere and defend the person who is being harassed. Nevertheless, if an adult harasses a kid, people usually stay quiet and let the abuse happen. Though it is obvious that children are weaker than adults and cannot defend their rights against older people, they are less protected than adults. This is nonsense hypocrisy and still exists.

The belief that parents want the best for their kids may be true for most caregivers, and our society believes that parents own their kids. Therefore, emotional abuse is legitimated by people. Moreover, children that are victims eventually become culpable because normal attitudes such as crying, running, rejecting food are seen as a fault when they are done by a kid. Thus, according to the common belief, the punishment is acceptable, even deserved.

References

Need a reference for Alice Miller.

Need a reference for “Neglect is identified twelve times more often in children living in poverty than those who do not.”

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Visual Rewrite—BluntWriting

Posted on December 8, 2020 by bluntwriting88

0-1 The center of our focus is upon these two female friends. We assume this since they’re in their late teens to early twenties indicated by the group of textbooks in front of them and are sitting on a couch ‘together’ in presumably one of their homes. The textbooks imply the girls’ youth (late teens/early 20’s) as the creator will highlight this as an important factor in the short. The home looks comfortable, with furnishings, ample furniture, and appealing décor. Clearly the home is not owned by any of the girls indicated by their youthful clothing and facial structure. Instantly, we can tell from their faces that something is not right. We know this as the girls’ heads are down, and to the left, a universal human body sign of contemplation and unease. The left girl is nervously ‘self touching’ her hands which furthers the sense of unease., as does the right girl. Especially considering they are ‘right beside’ one another. However, they really are not beside one another. Between them in the couch is empty space – a void. There is a void between the two girls, and they sit on the couch pondering what exactly may be causing this apparent and distinct void. What we can tell from left girl’s foot and leg is that it appears unstable and contorted in an odd fashion, indicating a base level of anxiety.  The apparent tension between the two girl is further visually imposed via a stuffed animal appearing in defense mode for the left girl. The right girl’s background has a duck figure to her right aimed at the taxidermized animal on the left. There is another crystal duck aiming to left girl on the table next to right girl. The taxidermized animal is poised in a frozen, and also agitated or defensive position. Visually, this tells us what we see already. That is, that left girl is defensive, huddled, and isolated over something. Isolated by a void, and defending that isolation as a wild animal would. Right girl is but a calm duck calmly flowing across the surface of a deep lake, making her way to left girl, her friend.

2 – 4 -The camera pans to left girl’s unaltered face. Clearly, she is thinking about something troubling judging by her gloominess and her stagnant stare into something. Right girl turns her head to left girl, an aberration from the stagnant looks of the girls. She gives a firm and stern look, with not much faltering in her fine eye muscles. We see a little bit of her mouth is pursed more towards one side of her face, a tightness. This suggests that what she is about to ask is difficult, considering the two are struggling even to talk or look at one another while sitting on the same couch. Right girl as she opens her mouth instead takes a breath which halts her speech as she turns her neck back to the front, no longer intending to say anything to her friend. Right girl decided that she couldn’t surpass whatever struggle it is which prevents her from speaking to her friend. Right girl is facing front once again, with her friend on the left again unchallenged in her stagnant look. However, left girl’s eyes are this time up and to the right. She and her friend are not thinking of the same thing anymore, as we are in a similar looking frame as the principal frame, but with left girl’s eyes looking and thinking at another location after being unable to speak to her friend across what separates them.

5-7 -A turtlenecked man appears between the friends. He emerges from inside the couch from the void between the two girls, where only his torso is visible. He is the embodiment of the void between friends. Here he is breaking the fourth wall, emerging for the purpose of speaking directly to the audience in an aside. He is looking directly at us. The camera zooms in on the turtlenecked man as he beckons his head in confirmation about what we thought, expected, and analyzed. That is, that the void between the two girls was awkward as was their lack of interaction.  He is now the dead center of the shot, and he is the subject giving an aside of the awkward silence between friends. The friends aren’t the ‘focus’ of the short, friends are merely interchangeable variables used to represent truths. The focus is really the turtlenecked man and what he is talking about, and what he represents. From the beginning the blistering detail was the void between the two girls (we shall see this for other ‘couples’ as well). Since he is that void, he is the anthropomorphism of the awkward void between the two friends, smiling and confirming that right at us. It is clear that he is the narrator character of this short.

8-10 -Two male friends now, in the same exact posing as the two girls in the principle shot, looking down, and to the left, not speaking to acknowledging one another while sharing a nice hot tub session. They once again define dichotomy. The turtlenecked man awkwardly appears in the spatial void between them only to look at us smiling in confirmation of our suspicions of alienation and struggle between two seemingly close-yet-distant friends which do not acknowledge or speak to one another. The dichotomy is emphasized by the fact that the two friends choose the two closest urinals out of a whole series of empty ones in a large sports bathroom.          While two football players urinated next to one another in adjacent urinals, the turtlenecked man awkwardly appears between them squeezed between the urinals. He turns his head to confirm to us, the viewers with a smile of the bizarre, uncomfortable, and awkward nature of what he is doing.

11 – 12 -Seemingly two lovers are now in bed naked with one another, with the turtlenecked man awkwardly squeezed between them in the mattress, once again breaking the fourth wall to the viewer looking directly at us and confirming that something is awry between the two lovers. The lovers quickly glance at each other, only to reactionarily look away. Many times in life one may encounter an uncomfortable situation where it is difficult to look at a person for whatever reason it may be – pain, struggle, disagreement, etc. However, the overbearing theme being displayed is uncomfortability and awkwardness between two close people, where they are so close (physically) yet so far (emotionally) represented by the void, and the turtlenecked man. Again, after a short glance, no words are spoken, only hesitation.

         As this is the third instance of the same general display on screen, now with three different sets of different types of friend-duos, the creator of this short has now solidified a theme via a generalization of a pattern to the viewers. That is, a close duo, separated by an awkward and uncomfortable void which alienates them, where even in seemingly intimate situations, maybe the most intimate, the duo is unable to fully acknowledge the void and communicate over it.

13-16 -We return to the hot tub, focus on the turtlenecked man. He is the focus object, and still betwixt the two alienated friends. He is speaking to us, the audience, directly. He is no longer smiling. He looks firm, yet slightly shakes his head negatively (side to side). His wide eyes look right at us. Us and him are know really communicating via this fourth wall break.

A recurring pattern is the man between two friends. The creator believes friendship is not coupled to identity. As the focus is the void and awkwardness between friends, the use of females, males, a combination of the genders and races only shows and proves visually that such issues of lack-of-communication are pervasive and universal for anyone in any ethnic, intellectual, etc. group. Friendship and communication is first human.

Quickly changing to the girls, but zoomed in on himself, the man points to the right girl.

17- 20 – Right girl repeats her actions from the beginning of the short, taking a breath, and looking over to her friend in the identical stagnant and negative pose described earlier. Right girl now takes a breathe and finally utters some words after the awkward moment between them has faded. Finally, they communicate.

22 – Left girl finally looks at her friend, the most significant development thus far between the two friends. She looks directly at right girl with her mouth slightly ajar with a massive gaze with a surprised look. When awkward silences are broken, sometimes it is abrupt, sometimes surprising even. Sometimes the awkward silence was due to the fact that was being anticipated or desired to be said was rather too touchy or difficult to even utter. The creator of the short displays for the viewer a sudden climax between the two friends as they speak to strengthen the dichotomy of close friends being  unable to close the gap between them on a touchy and difficult topic that is affecting left girl in this case (as she was the principle one in the broody appearance). Left girl’s massive gaze is broken by a restoration into her original gloomy look: down, and to the left. Clearly this is tough for her as she moves her mouth but does not speak.

23 – In a development, right girl continues to speak firmly to her friend.

24 – The turtlenecked man is alone, in a different chair in a different part of the room, looking at the viewer with both his thumbs up with an honestly approving face immediately after what just occurred between the two girls. The creator of the short is utilizing the man and his thumbs-up to show us that he, the literal embodiment of awkwardness and discomfort, is better not between two close friends, as ought to be. He is no longer in between them. Where he was originally in the void between them, he is no longer, and this is a positive thing as now the two friends can once more converse without ‘him’ i.e. the awkwardness betwixt them.

25 – end – The closing shot shows the two friends situated as in the principal shot, this time however, turtleneck man is not there, and the two friends are looking consistently and amiably at one another, with left girl’s hands still self-touching, but with her leg now stable, representing a more stable position. As she looks to right girl, right girl’s entire body is aimed at her friend, and she is deeply involved in the conversation they are having. As shown before, getting rid of the awkward barrier to talk to one another is the most important thing in friendships when it comes to honest communication and well-being, especially mental well being.

Reference Video:

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Annotated Bibliography-profs22

Posted on December 4, 2020 by Jessicariccio
  1. American Academy of Pediatrics. “Insurance Coverage of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services for Children and Adolescents: A Consensus Statement.” American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1 Oct. 2000, pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/4/860.

Background: As the rate of mental illnesses in adolescence continues to increase yet there is still not enough to be done to help low income families cover the cost of medication.  Insurance companies limit the options and narrow down a track that must be followed, not to a patient’s specific needs, but rather a basic generalized planAccess, coordination, and monitoring are the three key issues that must be addressed.  In terms of access, medicine can be very difficult to obtain.  External processes are mandated to receive approval.  There must be a direct line of communication between medical and mental health services.  Because the sectors do not properly communicate with each other, responsibilities are left unclear.  Thus, why families should have direct coordination with health services.  Another remaining issue is monitoring.  Families are left unclear on the information regarding the quality of services, otherwise guidelines are not specified to uninformed clients.

How I Used It:  I used the article to provide concrete evidence for my claim and support my definition argument.  I used the 3 factors they listed as to why it is difficult to access mental health care and provided evidence to back it up.

2. Wiechers, Ilse R. “Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Patients Without a Psychiatric Diagnosis.” Psychiatric Services, 1 Dec. 2013, ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.201200557.

Background: A study was conducted to compare individual’s ability to obtain a prescription with and without a diagnosis.  The end result was that a majority of individuals without a prescription were able to have access that medicine.  It appeared that patients within an older age range were less likely to get a prescriptionWhen further investigating the study, it is shown that the categories were broken up into medication (with six subgroups) and diagnosis. It was then proven that age had a big influence on the results.  The end results proving the hypothesis to be true.

How I Used It:  I used this article to prove that access to prescription medications can be biased based on a patient’s age.  The evidence that I provided proves how broken our healthcare system is and convinces the reader by using facts from a study done specifically to prove my argument.

3. Ph.D., Rachel L. Garfield. “Health Reform and the Scope of Benefits for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services.” Psychiatric Services, 1 Nov. 2010, ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ps.2010.61.11.1081.

Background: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides protection for citizens in the united states to expand health insurance coverage, which includes providing mental health care for those who need.  Individuals suffering with severe disorders are required to go through external processes in order to obtain the medication needed  The way that the protection act works is it expands the coverage for those of a certain age or certain income, so those who do not fall within the specified category are left out.  Individuals who are uninsured most likely have low incomes and will not meet to requirement to for coverage.  States are allowed to set their own criteria for what deems appropriate to receive insurance coverage, and often times target individuals with more severe situations.  The laws created do not specify specific diagnoses or prescriptions but instead generalizes them so that those with specific needs cannot get essential medicine.

How I Used It: I used this article to support my causal argument on the effect of the disaster created by denying people health coverage.  I used the evidence to prove that there is still nothing being done to fix the problem and that many people are still suffering the consequences.

4. Sturm, Ronald, and Kenneth Wells. “Health Insurance May Be Improving-But Not for Individuals with Mental Illness.” Https://Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/,

Background: As individuals suffering with mental illnesses continues to increase, the number of employers who are willing to provide benefits decreases.  People who suffer from such disorder are way more likely to experience poverty or unemployment thus will not be able to afford insurance on there own let alone the help they need.  The help that individuals need is there It is proven that people who suffer from mental health disorders most likely are uninsured why people who have no history of mental illness are insured.

How I Used It:  I used this article to point out the fact that individuals who are poor are even less likely to be covered of health insurance because of their unemployment, and/or may not be able to afford it on their own.  I also used evidence from the excerpt to point out the irony of how those who are financially less fortunate are also more likely to have mental health disorders.

5. Amirsadri, Alireza. “Economic Grand Rounds: Experience With Mandated Use of Generic Medications for Patients Covered by the Mental Health Safety Net.” Psychiatric Services, 1 July 2014, ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.201400075.

Background: In this article it was found that physicians were unaware of the cost of the medication they were prescribing.  But having them prescribe cheaper alternatives will not reduce pharmacy costs.  In order to do these pharmacies must stick to generic medication.  Thanks to the mandated generic psychotropic medication policy if medication was denied individuals could appeal and get access to generic medicine with lower costs.  Once applied the new plan significantly decreased the cost of prescriptions. The amount of prescribed medicine continued to increase meaning more patients were able to get the help they needed, as well as the number of individuals with covered benefits. 

How I Used It:  I actually found that this evidence, while very convincing, was a little too irrelevant to include in my essay so I did not end up using specific evidence, but I did keep the information I learned in mind while writing.

6. Evans, Elizabeth, and Maria Sullivan. Abuse and Misuse of Antidepressants, 14 Aug. 2014, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4140701/#:~:text=Antidepressants%20are%20abused%20at%20high,%2C%20and%20psychotic%2Dlike%20symptoms.

Background: This article focuses on the increase in the abuse and misuse of prescription drugs.  It explains that these medications are used by young teens who access them without a prescription of their own and instead end up stealing from friends or family members.

How I Used It:  I used this article for my rebuttal argument to prove that a prescription does not stop individuals from abusing medications.  I provided evidence to back up my claim and prove that a prescription on stands in the way of others getting the treatment they need.

7. Barlow, P. “Health Care Is Not a Human Right.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), British Medical Journal, 31 July 1999, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1126951/.

Background: This article attempts to convince the reader that healthcare is not a basic human right.  They explain how considering this to be a right is difficult to define and that it would be hard to decide who must take responsibility of the cost.

How I Used It:  I Used this resource for my rebuttal argument by associating with the reader but than refuting the argument.  This article attempts to convince the reader that healthcare is not a basic human right but I was easily able to but this argument to rest by stating that this is purely an opinion, there are no facts the prove this and a system can be put in place.

8. “Four Reasons to Tax the Rich for Universal Healthcare.” FHC – Faith in Healthcare, 5 Nov. 2019, faithinhealthcare.org/fhc/four-reasons-tax-rich-universal-healthcare.

Background: This article made me realize that it is possible to justify taxing the wealthy for healthcare.  This argument used solid evidence and was very convincing.  It focused on each key point and how the system in place is very unfair and only benefits the wealthy, so taxing them for the healthcare of the less fortunate is a solid idea.

How I Used It:  This article was a great way to associate with the readers opposite opinion.  Many would say that it is unjust to force people to pay taxes for other s healthcare.  I used the evidence in this article to put this claim to rest and prove that taxing the wealthy is a good alternative to fix the system and the issue of no coverage for the less fortunate.

9. “Issue Brief: Access to Medications.” Mental Health America, http://www.mhanational.org/issues/issue-brief-access-medications.

Background: This article discusses the Deficit Reduction Act which reduces to amount of coverage that individuals can have access to and allows big companies to increase the costs and deny coverage.

How I Used It: : I used this article to highlight the errors within the acts out in place to protect citizens and help them afford healthcare.  I provided evidence that shows that the Deficit Reduction Act allows companies to add additional costs to their bills and even deny patients of care.

10. “Health Insurers Still Don’t Adequately Cover Mental Health Treatment.” NAMI, http://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/March-2020/Health-Insurers-Still-Don-t-Adequately-Cover-Mental-Health-Treatment.

Background: This article discusses the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and how it generalized disorders and does not accommodate patients’ specific needs.  Health insurers do not accept certain insurance because they are not paid enough.

How I Used It: I provided strong evidence to support the truth behind the laws put in place that were meant to protect people and prove that they are just only out for the money and not the patient’s best interest.

11. Fischer, Alyssa. “Real-Talk: Mental Health Is Too Expensive.” Mixed Up Money, Mixed Up Money, 23 Jan. 2018, mixedupmoney.com/blog/mental-health-expensive. 

Background: This article discusses how a white middle class woman pays 200 dollars per therapy session. She talks about how this is expensive, even for her. If this is 20% of her monthly income, it would be very difficult for a lower-class person to get help.

How I Used it: I used a quote that showed the statistics of how much a person would be spending on average for mental health care if they were seen regularly. It pointed out how high these expenses really are.  

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Research-profs22

Posted on December 4, 2020 by Jessicariccio

Needs a Title

Requiring health insurance corporations to cover the cost of mental health treatments would make medication easier to access for people struggling with mental health disorders.  Those who cannot afford insurance are unable to get access to the treatment they need.  With access to get prescriptions already difficult to obtain, there must be something down for easier access for medication for those who cannot afford it.

Healthcare is something that all citizens should have access to, but not just the ability to purchase healthcare, the ability to have it automatically.  It’s true that insurance companies can cover their customers, but under what consequences?  The lower class suffers the most with mental illness because they cannot afford to get treatment, or insurance.  As individuals suffering with mental illnesses continues to increase, the number of employers who are willing to provide benefits decreases.  People who suffer from such disorder are way more likely to experience poverty or unemployment thus will not be able to afford insurance on there own let alone the help they need.  The help that individuals need is there.  In our society today there have been major advancements in medicine and technology, but the one issues is, its not easily available.  With more and more people suffering from major psychiatric disorders, employers and insurance companies are more likely to limit coverage in order to save money.  It is proven that people who suffer from mental health disorders most likely are uninsured why people who have no history of mental illness are insured.  In the article titled Insurance Coverage of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services for Children and Adolescents, the American Academy of Pediatrics writes, “To improve mental health services, it is important to address 3 issues: access, coordination, and monitoring”.  It’s that simple.  Everyone should be able to have to have access to healthcare, coordination of mental health services which is very unorganized, and monitoring which allows patients to have direct communication with health care services.  All of which should come as a right to all citizens, with the cost covered by insurance companies who seem to only be out for money and not the consumers best interest.

Not only do patients have to struggle with the cost of health care, but they have difficulty obtaining access.  The process to access mental health treatments are long and stressful.  Seeing different doctors and social workers as medication is not prescribed by a therapist.  Most of the time the psychologist (the therapist) and the psychiatrist (who prescribes the medication) do not communicate or work together and it makes the process very difficult.  For certain mental disorders a prescription is required to get medicine such as Xanax, Adderall, etc.  What’s even more shocking is that patients may be denied a prescription based on their age.  A study was conducted to compare individual’s ability to obtain a prescription with and without a diagnosis.  The end result was that a majority of individuals without a prescription were able to have access that medicine.  It appeared that patients within an older age range were less likely to get a prescription.  The study, written by Weichers in the article Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Patients Without a Psychiatric Diagnosis, argues that, “that prescribing psychotropic medication in the absence of a psychiatric diagnosis is not uncommon, increases with age of the individual, is more prevalent in general medical practice than in mental health specialty care, and is modestly accounted for by the severity of an individual’s general medical illness or by medical indications for use.”  When further investigating the study, it is shown that the categories were broken up into medication (with six subgroups) and diagnosis. It was then proven that age had a big influence on the results.  The end results proving the hypothesis to be true.  So why is it that in our society a person’s age influences whether or not they can get a prescription, and therefore access health services.  Access should be open to all, no matter age, or financial status.

It seems ironic that those who suffer more from mental disorders are less likely to be able to get the care that they need.  As individuals suffering with mental illnesses continues to increase, the number of employers who are willing to provide benefits decreases.  People who suffer from such disorder are way more likely to experience poverty or unemployment thus will not be able to afford insurance on their own let alone the help they need.  The help that individuals need is there.  In our society today there have been major advancements in medicine and technology, but the one issues is, its not easily available.  With more and more people suffering from major psychiatric disorders, employers and insurance companies are more likely to limit coverage to save money.  It is proven that people who suffer from mental health disorders most likely are uninsured why people who have no history of mental illness are insured.  Ronald Sturm and Kenneth Wells explain in Health Insurance May Be Improving-But Not for Individuals with Mental Illness, “The number of individuals without health insurance increased from 1979 to 1997. This has been attributed to declines in the number of employers offering insurance or in lower employer contributions (resulting in fewer employees electing coverage due to higher costs. Because individuals with major psychiatric disorders are at high risk for poverty (and least likely to be able to afford plans that require large contributions) or unemployment, persons with such disorders may be particularly vulnerable to becoming uninsured”.  In today’s day and age, one would think that health care would be available to all.  It is unjust that so many individuals must suffer and cannot get the treatment they need simply because the system is failing them.  Mental health should be treated at the same importance as physical health.  The numbers are rising, and something must be done to put an end to this suffering.  Those families who are poor and cannot afford the health insurance to get better are the ones who need it most, the only thing left standing in the way is for those big corporations to start thinking for the people and less for themselves.

When insurance programs were first put into place they were based off quick and speedy recoveries.  Now illnesses are long lasting, which means so is the treatment, adding up to even higher expenses.  In the article “Issue Brief:  Access to Medications”, Mental Health America writes, “In February 2006, the federal government enacted the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) which includes several provisions that impacted Medicaid spending, such as shifting certain costs to beneficiaries and limiting coverage and access to health care services. In addition to increasing the allowed amount of the co-pay, DRA allows states to make co-payments enforceable so that providers and could deny beneficiaries services and prescription medications if a beneficiary is unable to make his or her co-payment at the time the service is rendered.”  Today, hospital visits can add charges onto a bill for the littlest things.  It is common for people to ask for a listed-out bill because hidden fees tend to be charged.  It is also possible to deny an individual of access to the treatment needed if they are unable to pay in time.  In an emergency case this can take a toll on the declining health of that person.  When it comes to mental illness, medication helps with recovery for many because of the chemical structure of the brain, but when denied patients can spiral and potentially lead to more serious and dangerous illnesses.

In addition the Deficit Reduction Act, another act put in place is the Patient Protection and affordable Care Act.  In the article “Health Reform and the Scope of Benefits for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services”, Garfield describes how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides protection for citizens in the united states to expand health insurance coverage, which includes providing mental health care for those who need.  Individuals suffering with severe disorders are required to go through external processes in order to obtain the medication needed.  So, it seems that the prescriptions are even harder to get for those who suffer even more, what is the logic in that?  The way that the protection act works is it expands the coverage for those of a certain age or certain income, so those who do not fall within the specified category are left out.  Individuals who are uninsured most likely have low incomes and will not meet to requirement to for coverage.  States are allowed to set their own criteria for what deems appropriate to receive insurance coverage, and often times target individuals with more severe situations.  The laws created do not specify specific diagnoses or prescriptions but instead generalizes them so that those with specific needs cannot get essential medicine.   According to the article “Health Insurers Still Don’t Adequately Cover Mental Health Treatment”, Bogusz explains one of the main reasons that the Affordable Care Act has failed is because, “many mental health and substance use providers do not accept insurance because they do not get paid enough by insurance companies for their services.”  Many may assume that this act was put in place to protect citizens, but really it seems to be doing nothing because there are so many hidden factors and requirements that must be upheld in order to access the care it provides.

To give a bigger picture on how much mental health treatment actually costs, it is informative to look at the salaries and costs of therapists, medications, etc. In the article “Real-Talk: Mental Health Is Too Expensive”, Fischer writes, “It costs $200 for one private session with a therapist. In other words, it’s $800 per month to maintain regular or weekly discussions with a certified professional about my mental health. That’s 20% of my monthly income — and I (a privileged white female) am a part of the upper middle class in Canada. Which means those that are not considered middle class would need to have over 20% of discretionary income every month just to seek help for their mental health”. Mental Health should be made a priority before anything else. Without adequate mental health, it can be difficult for some people to even get up and go to work. At this rate, it is nearly impossible for a low income patient to seek help regularly. Most people avoid seeking help not in fear of opening up to a professional, but in fear of not having the healthcare coverage/insurance to stay within an affordable budget. For example, some low income full-time workers only make around 400 dollars per month. If each appointment is 200 dollars, it would be impossible to have regular visits weekly, or even monthly without any guidance from healthcare providers.

Despite the fact that access to treatment should be a priority, some may argue that these medications can be dangerous if misused or taken advantage of.  Yes, these medications are drugs and can be lethal, but should the irresponsibility of others take away the needs of others?  In the article titled “Abuse and misuse of Antidepressants”, Evans and Sullivan state, “Rates of prescription drug abuse have reached epidemic proportions. Large-scale epidemiologic surveys of this under-recognized clinical problem have not included antidepressants despite their contribution to morbidity and mortality.”   So these prescription drugs are being abused more and more as time goes on, but clearly a prescription is not standing in the way of getting access to these drugs.  A prescription is supposedly put in place to ensure that the medications are not being used just for recreational or nonmedical purposes. In the article titled “Abuse and misuse of Antidepressants”, Evans and Sullivan also write, “The reasons for nonmedical use of prescription drugs are complex. However, increased availability of prescription drugs has likely contributed. In the NSDUH, past-year users of psychotherapeutic drugs are asked how they obtained the drugs they most recently used nonmedically. More than half of the nonmedical users of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives aged 12 years or older obtained the prescription drugs used ‘from a friend or relative for free’. About four in five of these nonmedical users indicated that their friend or relative had obtained the drugs from a single doctor.”   Based off of these numbers a majority of people don’t let a prescription stand in the way of getting drug access.  So really, what is the purpose of a prescription.  Drug users and addicts will find a way to get their hands on the drugs that are meant to treat people.  The only thing the prescription does is make it even more difficult for those who suffer from mental illness to get access.  It prolongs the process and puts more stress and pain on those individuals who really need it.  Just because others make the decision to misuse prescription drugs and potentially ruin their lives, should not affect those who are seeking it purely for medicinal purposes.  These medications are meant to improve the quality of life and provide treatment, not to fulfill the dangerous and unhealthy habits that they are used for way too often.

Just as all human beings have basic rights, all human beings should have the right to healthcare.  Many may believe that there is no way to justify this as a basic human right. In the article “Healthcare is not a Human Right”, Barlow writes, “Firstly, health care is difficult to define. It clearly encompasses preventive care public health measures, health promotion, and medical and surgical treatment of established illness. Is the so called human right to health care a right to basic provision of clean water and adequate food, or does everyone in the world have a right to organ transplantation, cosmetic surgery, infertility treatment, and the most expensive medicine? Secondly, all rights possessed by an individual imply a duty on the part of others. Thus, the right to a fair trial imposes a duty on the prosecuting authority to be fair. On whom does the duty to provide health care to all the world’s citizens fall? Is it a duty on individual doctors, or hospital authorities, or governments, or only rich governments? Thirdly, the philosophical basis of all human rights has always been shaky. Most people can see some advantage in maintaining the concept of civil and political rights, but it is difficult to find any rational or utilitarian basis for viewing health care in the same way.”  This can easily be fixed by simply organizing a system and putting rules in place.  The government can just decide on who has the responsibility of providing coverage to individuals.  Because it is not beneficial to the government, there is no need for them to put any kind of system in place.  When will insurance companies insure their users.  These large companies and government are just looking for a way that they can make the most money.  Money should not be what is standing in the way of proper treatment.  It is unacceptable that health coverage is not a given right or to assume that people must pay an absurd amount of money for something that they do not have any control over.

Health care is not something that is free to provide, so the money has to come from somewhere.  Many would most likely say it is unjust to charge people for the costs of healthcare of others, but what about through tax dollars.  Our tax money goes to schools, many citizens who pay towards this do not even use the school system, so why can’t it be the same thing for healthcare?  In the article “Four Reasons to Tax the Rich for Universal Healthcare”, Faith In Healthcare writes, “ It will eliminate our current healthcare system’s regressive “tax” on workers. Every other economically advanced country pays for virtually all of their healthcare through taxes, which can and should be calibrated to increase the obligation of those who are blessed with great wealth. But, in the U.S., most workers have health insurance through their employment. That means they pay for it themselves through premiums, deductibles, and copayments—and foregone wages when their employers pay part of the healthcare cost instead of providing higher pay.”  It is unfair for someone who is poor to have to pay for a large bill completely on their own.  Taxes should go towards something that is ultimately beneficial towards everyone because everyone will get that coverage for their needs.

Diving into this mess of a broken healthcare system, it is clear to see that there are many flaws.  One would like to hope that we would be doing a better job at providing for the people in need.  For those who are poor and cannot afford insurance, the costs are too high.  And for those who are denied access to prescription medication and treatment, their condition will only continue to get worse.  Mental health is something that should be taken more seriously in today’s day and age, and something must be down to provide treatment and coverage to those in dire need.

References

American Academy of Pediatrics. “Insurance Coverage of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services for Children and Adolescents: A Consensus Statement.” American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics, 1 Oct. 2000, pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/106/4/860.

Wiechers, Ilse R. “Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Patients Without a Psychiatric Diagnosis.” Psychiatric Services, 1 Dec. 2013, ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.201200557.

Sturm, Ronald, and Kenneth Wells. “Health Insurance May Be Improving-But Not for Individuals with Mental Illness.” Https://Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/,

“Issue Brief: Access to Medications.” Mental Health America, http://www.mhanational.org/issues/issue-brief-access-medications.

 Ph.D., Rachel L. Garfield. “Health Reform and the Scope of Benefits for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Services.” Psychiatric Services, 1 Nov. 2010, ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ps.2010.61.11.1081.

Fischer, Alyssa. “Real-Talk: Mental Health Is Too Expensive.” Mixed Up Money, Mixed Up Money, 23 Jan. 2018, mixedupmoney.com/blog/mental-health-expensive. 

“Health Insurers Still Don’t Adequately Cover Mental Health Treatment.” NAMI, http://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/March-2020/Health-Insurers-Still-Don-t-Adequately-Cover-Mental-Health-Treatment.

Evans, Elizabeth, and Maria Sullivan. Abuse and Misuse of Antidepressants, 14 Aug. 2014, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4140701/#:~:text=Antidepressants%20are%20abused%20at%20high,%2C%20and%20psychotic%2Dlike%20symptoms.

Barlow, P. “Health Care Is Not a Human Right.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), British Medical Journal, 31 July 1999, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1126951/.

“Four Reasons to Tax the Rich for Universal Healthcare.” FHC – Faith in Healthcare, 5 Nov. 2019, faithinhealthcare.org/fhc/four-reasons-tax-rich-universal-healthcare.

 

 

Posted in Portfolio Profs22, profs22, Research | 1 Comment

Rebuttal argument-profs22

Posted on December 3, 2020 by Jessicariccio

Needs a Title

Despite the fact that access to treatment should be a priority, some may argue that these medications can be dangerous if misused or taken advantage of.  Yes, these medications are drugs and can be lethal, but should the irresponsibility of others take away the needs of others?  In the article titled “Abuse and misuse of Antidepressants”, Evans and Sullivan state, “Rates of prescription drug abuse have reached epidemic proportions. Large-scale epidemiologic surveys of this under-recognized clinical problem have not included antidepressants despite their contribution to morbidity and mortality.”   So these prescription drugs are being abused more and more as time goes on, but clearly a prescription is not standing in the way of getting access to these drugs.  A prescription is supposedly put in place to ensure that the medications are not being used just for recreational or nonmedical purposes. In the article titled “Abuse and misuse of Antidepressants”, Evans and Sullivan also write, “The reasons for nonmedical use of prescription drugs are complex. However, increased availability of prescription drugs has likely contributed. In the NSDUH, past-year users of psychotherapeutic drugs are asked how they obtained the drugs they most recently used nonmedically. More than half of the nonmedical users of pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives aged 12 years or older obtained the prescription drugs used ‘from a friend or relative for free’. About four in five of these nonmedical users indicated that their friend or relative had obtained the drugs from a single doctor.”   Based off of these numbers a majority of people don’t let a prescription stand in the way of getting drug access.  So really, what is the purpose of a prescription.  Drug users and addicts will find a way to get their hands on the drugs that are meant to treat people.  The only thing the prescription does is make it even more difficult for those who suffer from mental illness to get access.  It prolongs the process and puts more stress and pain on those individuals who really need it.  Just because others make the decision to misuse prescription drugs and potentially ruin their lives, should not affect those who are seeking it purely for medicinal purposes.  These medications are meant to improve the quality of life and provide treatment, not to fulfill the dangerous and unhealthy habits that they are used for way too often.

Just as all human beings have basic rights, all human beings should have the right to healthcare.  Many may believe that there is no way to justify this as a basic human right. In the article “Healthcare is not a Human Right”, Barlow writes, “Firstly, health care is difficult to define. It clearly encompasses preventive care public health measures, health promotion, and medical and surgical treatment of established illness. Is the so called human right to health care a right to basic provision of clean water and adequate food, or does everyone in the world have a right to organ transplantation, cosmetic surgery, infertility treatment, and the most expensive medicine? Secondly, all rights possessed by an individual imply a duty on the part of others. Thus the right to a fair trial imposes a duty on the prosecuting authority to be fair. On whom does the duty to provide health care to all the world’s citizens fall? Is it a duty on individual doctors, or hospital authorities, or governments, or only rich governments? Thirdly, the philosophical basis of all human rights has always been shaky. Most people can see some advantage in maintaining the concept of civil and political rights, but it is difficult to find any rational or utilitarian basis for viewing health care in the same way.”  This can easily be fixed by simply organizing a system and putting rules in place.  The government can just decide on who has the responsibility of providing coverage to individuals.  Because it is not beneficial to the government, there is no need for them to put any kind of system in place.  When will insurance companies actually insure their users.  These large companies and government are just looking for a way that they can make the most money.  Money should not be what is standing in the way of proper treatment.  It is unacceptable that health coverage is not a given right or to assume that people must pay an absurd amount of money for something that they do not have any control over.

Health care is not something that is free to provide, so the money has to come from somewhere.  Many would most likely say it is unjust to charge people for the costs of healthcare of others, but what about through tax dollars.  Our tax money goes to schools, many citizens who pay towards this do not even use the school system, so why can’t it be the same thing for healthcare?  In the article “Four Reasons to Tax the Rich for Universal Healthcare”, Faith In Healthcare writes, “ It will eliminate our current healthcare system’s regressive “tax” on workers. Every other economically advanced country pays for virtually all of their healthcare through taxes, which can and should be calibrated to increase the obligation of those who are blessed with great wealth. But, in the U.S., most workers have health insurance through their employment. That means they pay for it themselves through premiums, deductibles, and copayments—and foregone wages when their employers pay part of the healthcare cost instead of providing higher pay.”  It is unfair for someone who is poor to have to pay for a large bill completely on their own.  Taxes should go towards something that is ultimately beneficial towards everyone because everyone will get that coverage for their needs.

References

Evans, Elizabeth, and Maria Sullivan. Abuse and Misuse of Antidepressants, 14 Aug. 2014,

Barlow, P. “Health Care Is Not a Human Right.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), British Medical Journal, 31 July 1999, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1126951/.

“Four Reasons to Tax the Rich for Universal Healthcare.” FHC – Faith in Healthcare, 5 Nov. 2019, faithinhealthcare.org/fhc/four-reasons-tax-rich-universal-healthcare.

Posted in profs22, Rebuttal Essay | 1 Comment

Research—612119d

Posted on December 3, 2020 by 612119d

America First

While a mandatory Mask mandate would cause concern for some, the United States would have life saving effects while also  doing great things for the economy . It would  prevent another massive shutdown locally and federally.  Americans’ health should be the primary goal in this war against the virus.

Covid 19 struck our country in early march last year and our country hasn’t been the same since.  We started hearing  the terms social distancing and even heard the mention of masks which wasn’t a common part of american life.  While the first lockdown has concluded and another one on the horizon could be like if we can help stop the spread of the Coronavirus. That’s why Mask-wearing is ultra important. When the mask covers both your nose and mouth it will help prevent others from getting sick even if you have the virus. It will help protect against people who previously contracted the virus.  Having everyone in the community wear a mask will help prevent a loophole in which the Coronavirus could re enter our communities again. This is a protective measure that we can afford to have.  It will limit the potential spread and potentially save a family member of yours. While mask alone won’t end the pandemic but offer a valuable barrier along with pairing it along with socially distancing and hand washing. Combining all 3 would  have significant benefits which could help prevent another shutdown and cause the economy to crash which would put many people out of work. According to one doctor study “Considering a fixed transmission rate, 80% adoption of 20%, 50%, and 80% effective masks reduces cumulative relative (absolute) mortality by 1.8%”. This means if 80% of American wore masks and on average  the people that died would be almost 2%. When you break the numbers down it comes to roughly 4000 americas. America needs to listen to the doctors and health experts since they are recommending we wear the masks. Is it our best intention to start wearing them so we can get back to normal? Since  doctors have concluded that wearing a mask  has no downside but has the upside to prevent a nationwide shutdown combined with the fact it would allow us to go back to normal faster it seems like the only good option we have.

Another outbreak the same size of the other one would affect the american healthcare system by straing it extremely thin but also affect the wallets of americans. The second wave of shutdowns is popping upon us again so restaurants, gyms, schools and other businesses will have to shut down for the second time this year.  This would not only hurt families out of work but devastated business owners a second time. If closed down again a massive bailout would be needed to help make these businesses survive. Having so much uncertainty will affect the market again. In early march last year it seemed like a recession could be near. What they say to the media has an immediate impact on the stock market. Which could be beneficial but also could work against it as well .  In times of crisis like for example a pandemic, experts in healthcare stepin.  Scientists and healthcare workers will always side of caution which leads to politicians being put under more pressure.  Laws will go up preventing people from going out and followed by the business being closed,  followed by the stock market taking a beating. When the financial crisis hit in 2007.  One estimate had been taken and 10,000 lives were lost due to that recession and this could be angled up as a 2.0. In addition to having to worry about the virus people have to deal with the effects of not seeing people and finances.we want to prevent long-term suffering We need to try and prevent somthing long term and try and keep everything as normal as possible or we will feel the effects of this for years.Experts suggest “a real risk of a vicious downward spiral of illness and impoverishment.” If we don’t get this virus under control as fast as possible. Everything humanly possible needs to be done not to let that happen and in this case having to require a mask situation looks like our best option according to our nation’s doctors and many Health experts. Their priorities lie with the people’s mass safety and with the extensive training in the medical field it would be wise to listen to them. Life may not go back to normal as soon as we would like to but its the way we have to live to end this. We need to do our part to help end this pandemic so we can get everyday life back.

In a time where we needed top politicians to come together and help us get out of this situation it actually had the opposite effect.  Which leads to opposite reporting of the news. Republican senators were uneasy about the virus credibility and have often claimed it’s been over exaggerated and even were preaching against masks at the beginning and even the president agreed about how he did not agree with masks. That was until the President and members of his team ended up getting covid and he had to be airlifted to the hospital for medical care. Health officials have been stressing how important it’s been to wear masks but many people don’t regard them since they believe it’s fake or isn’t as serious as some made it out to be even by their own President. Having this disconnect is putting lives at risk with communication errors in a time where communication has never flown so fast. We need to start looking at covid like a war instead of a battle its not going to be won or lost in a day.It’s a mircrob  war, it will be won or lost in the lab with doctors and other lead Health experts leading the charge. However, this will happen only if scientists and healthcare workers are heard by the people and not belittled and they have a proper platform where their ideas can flow. 

Scientists and health experts have stated wearing a mask has no downside and when it increases your chances of getting sick in any way. Even though there isn’t enough data to prove the point in small settings it has at least shown some effectiveness to prevent spread of covid-19 and to that we can’t argue. while they may be annoying it could save someone’s life and help the economy not shut down again which everyone can agree on.

While wearing a mask could give Americans a false sense of security it is the only way to continue living with this pandemic.  This system is far from perfect but having it in place will help keep things going. A claim that wearing a mask gives you a false sense of security is a big one.While yes you can still be infected by the virus while wearing a mask the odds are extremely low and combining it with the other recommendations is our best way. According to Dr Lisa Lockerd Maragakis “Wearing a face mask in public helps prevent the spread of COVID-19 — but only if worn properly, covering both your nose and mouth.” In the case where people don’t do this it defeats the purpose of wearing the mask in the first place and won’t prevent the spread and wont prevent you from getting sick. As a country we need to fight this together or we will end up wasting years of our lives because we don’t. If we viewed this as a World War and got everyone on board with containing this virus we would have a chance to go back to normal without a vaccine out for the masses.

Another counter to that would be Americans would get sick from these masks if they keep wearing them without washing them or getting a new mask putting more lives at risk. Obviously Putting a dirty mask on could potentially spread the virus. Considering this is a concern for some it is understandable to be the solution is simple.  A NEW MASK. “To avoid contamination (which can happen if you touch it, set it down or just if you’re out and about), throw your cloth mask in the washing machine at the end of each day or after each use, says Dr. Burgess. Since we are in a pandemic people need to be more cautious of others since this has the power to shut down our country. So it’s not giving a false sense of security it more or so using common sense you wouldn’t want a dirty mask on your face in the first place. Being more clean at the end of the day will help Americans as a whole to prevent other sickness. Being extra careful will never hurt anyone and if anything we will be prepared.

Someone who wore the mask at all times would be California’s assemblymember Miss Autumn Burke; she believes she got the covid-19 virus while wearing her mask indoors at a meeting where social distancing wasn’t practiced. cases like these will still pop-up even though they wore their mask but that’s how contagious this virus actually is. “While masks are effective, they are not 100% foolproof,” says Dr. Burgess. Maintaining a distance of at least six feet between yourself and others adds an extra layer of protection”. On top of preaching how important mask our hand washing and social distancing should even be practiced better since they are both important to containing the virus.  Important now we should be stressing and washing, which  is  efficient against the virus. Nothing is going to be truly 100 percent against this virus. We just have to do our best everyday to end it so we can get back to normal life. Mask cant and wont be 100 percent effective but if they save 1 life it shouldn’t be a question.

Wearing a mask also won’t weaken your immune system. So people’s first instincts were they didn’t want to wear it to repress their immune system which isn’t the case.  A healthy immune system is very important against fighting off any virus and when covid 19 first came out a rumor that was out there was that wearing a mask could repress your immune system. This claim is false and is looked down on in the medical community. The immune system is the body’s natural defense system.  The immune system works and its function as a whole, which is crucial in preventing infection or disease which Covid is. Dr Sullivan said in the article Can face masks lower oxygen levels or weaken the immune system? Here’s what health experts say “I can pretty much guarantee to you that wearing a mask intermittently throughout the day or even all day long is not going to weaken your immune system.” Wearing a mask won’t affect your health in any way actually. Even your breathing which some people brought up as a cause of concern is really non existent. Facemask may be uncomfortable and may be a bother to wear but they aren’t meant for style here meant to protect you. Some facebook articles have flooded the internet where some guy passed out because he was wearing a face mask. It came out to be false but it was spread to thousands of people. It doesn’t affect your breathing to the point where Co2 levels rise or you can pass out. It’s going to be harder to breathe, yes but it’s because there is a piece of cloth covering your face.

A Mask mandation might sound a little harsh at first but in the end it will end up preventing thousands if not  tens of thousands of deaths this year alone in the United States. We need to sense up an act on it before it’s too late And not let unexpected Americans die.

The economy is a major or the major issue for many americas. Many americas like myself like to put the economy before anything since we believe it is the backbone of the country. In an article published  from Ohio economics,  suggesting having a mask mandate would help the economy, since it would cause less uncertainty. It makes sense because having another shutdown which would lead to massive closure again.  The hardest hit by the first shutdown was the middle and lower class. They can’t afford another shut down and could not only leave some families hungry but some potentially without a house. Wearing a mask could prevent this. On top of that they are very relaltic for every american to wear since the price of them is very affordable. A government economics KIP VISCUSI has said “One human life is worth about US $10 million.’’ Having a mask only saving  a few lives with this would not only save families trauma but be extremely beneficial for the economy outlook. Having a mandate would help prevent another shut down . “In a survey published by Scioto Analysis this morning, 38 out of 40 Ohio economists said that the economic benefits of mask mandates outweighed the economic costs.” This makes sense because having this policy would reduce the odds of another government shutdown and keep everything open. While masks might be uncomfortable and look funny it could potentially save the US economy.

 Americans need to look at the Coronavirus as our world war and we need everyone’s help to win. In world war 2, some of the women needed to go to work since men were sent off to fight. Everyone contributed to the fight and american won. While we aren’t fighting a war like that, we are fighting a microbe war in which America needs everyone again.  A Goldman Sachs study estimated that a nationwide mask mandate would save America $1 trillion, or 5% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product.1 trillion dollars at stake, Americans need to look back and at least listen to the experts  that could be saved. When you break it down person by person it would approximately save the average american  $3,000 per person if the mask mandate was followed.  The amount of money the government gave out was in the trillions already; they can’t afford to lose more money because at the end of the day the people will end up paying for it.

If a mask policy was put into place it could potentially save more than 100,000 lives by this February alone. According to Dr. George Hansen article  Together we Can Make a Huge Difference”research is clear: individuals with COVID-19 can be symptom free for up to five days, not realize they are carrying the virus and spread it to others more at risk than themselves. These infected people are the biggest problem since they don’t know they even know they carry it . We don’t have a cure or a vaccine against this virus so we don’t know how different people will react if they become infected. The states that had a strict mask mandate where the  numbers have started to go down which proved that masked mandates worked. The numbers are already high and could get even higher if a mask mandate isn’t regulated. 

Preventing sucide is a major concern with the direct link by the virus but the economic side as well. Oxford researchers “compared suicide data from before  2007 with the years of the crisis and found more than 10,000 “economic suicides” associated with the recession across the U.S., Canada and Europe”Melanie Haiken . If the country  shuts down again, a 2.0 of this event could be an unfortunate side effect of the lock down. People can get really stressed out when it comes to their financial futures. Having another lockdown would mean job loss would sky rocket again. “The soaring unemployment rate and stock market losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, combined with millions of people quarantining at home alone creates the “perfect storm” for an increased risk of suicide for many people, according to the JAMA article.”As the cases continue to rise across our country again during this fall season and into the dreaded flu season, there is a significant fear the suicide rate will definitely up if the shutdown occurs again. This needs to be stressed since something on this scale has happened before and we felt the effects. Mental health is a big issue in this country , “I wish we could take social distancing out of our dictionary. Because we are social beings. We can’t socially distance. We are social beings. We can physically distance. Which I like better,” said Steen in an article. These lives are not directly affected by covid-19, but would be saved if wearing a mask was common people could get back to their social connections and not be worried about their next paycheck. Cases are on  the rise in the US , we need to find a solution before it’s too late and we can’t go back.

 We need to consider this as our best option at the current moment .We don’t have many options and this one seems like it could have a lot of positives and few drawbacks. When you look at the economic benefits of wearing a mask versus not wearing a mask compounded with the countless Lives that won’t become infected it seems like it’s at least worth a shot.

This is why a  Mask program in the United States would be extremely beneficial for not only the health of the citizens but for the economy. Having massive human life lost would have a direct correlation with the economy. Not only would it prevent a massive shut down again it would prevent another stock market crash. Covid is a major uncertainty which  is ideal for the market. If we wanna prevent another massive shutdown in our  local and national government we need to seriously consider a mask mandate.  Having such a mandate looks to be the only solution that keeps everyone healthy and business open.

References

Eikenberry, Steffen E. “To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face …” Science Direct, 2020, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355904/.

1 To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

Eikenberry, Steffen E. “To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face …” Science Direct, 2020, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355904/.

2 Mask wearing to complement social distancing and save lives during COVID-19

Leung, C. C. “Mask Wearing to Complement Social Distancing and Save …” The Union, 2020, theunion.org/news-centre/news/body/IJTLD-June-0244-Leung-FINAL.pdf.

3 If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future

McKee, Martin. “If the World Fails to Protect the Economy, COVID-19 Will Damage Health Not Just Now but Also in the Future.” Nature Medicine, 2020, http://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0863-y.

4https://www.forbes.com/sites/melaniehaiken/2014/06/12/more-than-10000-suicides-tied-to-economic-crisis-study-says/?sh=2552f4ba7ae2

Haiken, Melanie. “More Than 10,000 Suicides Tied To Economic Crisis, Study Says.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 12 June 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/melaniehaiken/2014/06/12/more-than-10000-suicides-tied-to-economic-crisis-study-says/?sh=2552f4ba7ae2

5 Experts worry that suicide rates could increase in CT amid pandemic

Hernandez, Samaia. “Experts Worry That Suicide Rates Could Increase in CT amid Pandemic.” WTNH.com, WTNH.com, 18 Nov. 2020, http://www.wtnh.com/news/health/experts-worry-that-suicide-rates-could-increase-in-ct-amid-pandemic/. . 

6 Wearing a mask is not only important, it’s life-saving. | Lincoln, NE

Johnson, Bill. “Wearing a Mask Is Not Only Important, It’s Life-Saving.” Bryan Health, 2020, http://www.bryanhealth.com/coronavirus-clp/wearing-a-mask-is-not-only-important-its-life-saving/. 

7 Everyone wearing face masks could save America from a $1 trillion GDP loss

 CERULLO, MEGAN. “Everyone Wearing Face Masks Could Save America from a $1 …” CBS, 2020, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/face-mask-wearing-save-money/. 

8 How Government Agencies Determine The Dollar Value Of Human Life

Haiken, Melanie. “More Than 10,000 Suicides Tied To Economic Crisis, Study Says.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 12 June 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/melaniehaiken/2014/06/12/more-than-10000-suicides-tied-to-economic-crisis-study-says/?sh=2552f4ba7ae2. 

9 38 out of 40 Ohio Economists Say Mask Mandate Benefits Outweigh Costs

Moore, Rob. “38 Out of 40 Ohio Economists Say Mask Mandate Benefits Outweigh Costs.” Scioto Analysis, Scioto Analysis, 17 Aug. 2020, http://www.sciotoanalysis.com/news/2020/8/17/38-out-of-40-ohio-economists-say-mask-mandate-benefits-outweigh-costs. 

 10 Lazzarino, Antonio. “Covid-19: Important Potential Side Effects of Wearing Face …” Thebjm, 20 Apr. 2020,www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1435/rr-40.

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12 Nicolaides, Dr. “Handwashing Slows the Virus More Effectively than Face Masks.” Clinical Trials, 7 May 2020, www.cmbclinicaltrials.com/post/handwashing-slows-the-virus-more-effectively-than-face-masks.

13 Wearing a mask is not only important, it’s life-saving. | Lincoln, NE

Johnson, Bill. “Wearing a Mask Is Not Only Important, It’s Life-Saving.” Bryan Health, 2020, http://www.bryanhealth.com/coronavirus-clp/wearing-a-mask-is-not-only-important-its-life-saving/. 

14 How to Properly Wear a Face Mask: Infographic

maragkis, lisa. “How to Properly Wear a Face Mask: Infographic | Johns …” HEALTH INFOGRAPHIC, 2020, http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/proper-mask-wearing-coronavirus-prevention-infographic.

15 Do masks cause lower oxygen levels?

 Parsons, Jonathan. “Do Masks Cause Lower Oxygen Levels?” Ohio State Medical Center, 4 Aug. 2020, wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/masks-oxygen-levels.

16 COVID-19 FAQs: Does wearing a mask affect your breathing?Eikenberry, Steffen E. “To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face …” Scince Direct, 2020, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355904/.

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Bibliography—612119d

Posted on December 3, 2020 by 612119d

1 Eikenberry, Steffen E. “To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face …” Science Direct, 2020, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355904/.

To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: This article digs deep into mask effectiveness. It talks about how effective a particular brand of mask protects the human body from getting affected by the virus. I claim how masks reduce the odds of getting the virus. 

How I used it: This article backed up my view point on the mask vs no masked issue. I used a few numbers and stats to back up my statements. They had tons of support to back up all their statements. This article helps me break down how effective masks are based on equations.

2 Mask wearing to complement social distancing and save lives during COVID-19

Leung, C. C. “Mask Wearing to Complement Social Distancing and Save …” The Union, 2020, theunion.org/news-centre/news/body/IJTLD-June-0244-Leung-FINAL.pdf. 

Background- This is doctors from the east expressing how and what their countries will do if a mask mandate isn’t listened to. They explained how important it is to wear a mask. They explained how a lockdown would follow in these countries unlike the more western countries.

What I used it for- I used it for evidence to make my mask argument stronger. They expressed how if it wasn’t followed in these countries how a ban was going to be taken place so it would help me set my tone in my research paper.

3 If the world fails to protect the economy, COVID-19 will damage health not just now but also in the future

McKee, Martin. “If the World Fails to Protect the Economy, COVID-19 Will Damage Health Not Just Now but Also in the Future.” Nature Medicine, 2020, http://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0863-y. 

Background: This article shares some light on past viruses and brings in what followed them. They used the financial crisis and used examples of how the economy did bad in the past when something like this happened. They predict how the next one will hit us after this is all over.

What I used it for- I used it to help predict what would happen with the economy. It was my first tsource when I began thinking of the economical impact and how much deeper than just mask no mask.  It gave me reasons why the economy was so important to protect

4 Haiken, Melanie. “More Than 10,000 Suicides Tied To Economic Crisis, Study Says.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 12 June 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/melaniehaiken/2014/06/12/more-than-10000-suicides-tied-to-economic-crisis-study-says/?sh=2552f4ba7ae2. 

https://www.forbes.com/sites/melaniehaiken/2014/06/12/more-than-10000-suicides-tied-to-economic-crisis-study-says/?sh=2552f4ba7ae2

Back ground- This article was about the stress a time of need can put on a family. This article was about the great recession and how many lives were affected due to suiside because of money loss.

How I used it- I used it to basically use their data and compared them to times now and how they’re going to get affected if we do nothing to stop the spread of the virus. I used this as basically a reason to wear the mask as an economic reason vs even a public health reason. Combining that with the fact people are seeing people less and alone more often is not a good combination.

5 Experts worry that suicide rates could increase in CT amid pandemic

Hernandez, Samaia. “Experts Worry That Suicide Rates Could Increase in CT amid Pandemic.” WTNH.com, WTNH.com, 18 Nov. 2020, http://www.wtnh.com/news/health/experts-worry-that-suicide-rates-could-increase-in-ct-amid-pandemic/. 

Background- This is diving into the projected stats of covid 19. It expresses what expected feel will happen if the shut down extends or gets more severe.If the lockdown continues what widespread damage might be and how we can prevent it will put a stop to it before it’s too late.

What I used it for- I used this article for observation purposes. I needed to say another group of scientists agreed with my point about suicide rates going up during the pandemic if shutdowns would occur again.This helps me make my mass first No Mess argument lot easier since a lot more lives could be lost then just threw the pandemic itself. 

6 Wearing a mask is not only important, it’s life-saving. | Lincoln, NE

Johnson, Bill. “Wearing a Mask Is Not Only Important, It’s Life-Saving.” Bryan Health, 2020, http://www.bryanhealth.com/coronavirus-clp/wearing-a-mask-is-not-only-important-its-life-saving/. 

Background-  in this article they talk about why masks are so important and how many lives could potentially be saved if a mask mandate was put in place vs. not put into place. to go into specific numbers and   ended up convincing me to pick their medical opinion.It also gives tips for people to keep himself safe especially with mask safety

How I used it-I use this article to support my point and how important Masl mandate would be,  it shows the rate of transmission for people who don’t wear masks versus who do and now he’s has a mass affected if one person that or the other had a mask. 

7Experts Warn Masks Can Give Some False Sense Of Security, Encourage People To Socially Distance

\Back ground- This article expresses how serious the pandemic is and how even wearing Mask has some risk. It goes into how some studies they have done wearing a mask doesn’t always prevent the virus because sometimes you are getting closer to the  other American since they have a false sense of security and being safe.

How I used it- I basically use this as my claim to come out against because of how wishy-washy his argument.  I attacked most of his points And my rebuttal argument gave me a strong sense that’s where the other side was coming from. I feel like even though I read this article leaving a bag with just benefit me more. 

8 Lazzarino, Antonio. “Covid-19: Important Potential Side Effects of Wearing Face …” The Bjm, 20 Apr. 2020, http://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1435/rr-40. 

https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1435/rr-40

Background-This guy is looking at the full picture and even weighing the cost of having a mass mandate and what potential problems could be if this was put in place. The problem he finds his people would be using dirty masks  and social distancing would be forgotten and people would go closer than they were before.

My use- Since I know what potential arguments against me are I can make my argument stronger.  Once I found out why some people were against the mask it could help me change their mind and come to my side.

9 COVID-19 FAQs: Does wearing a mask affect your breathing?

Eikenberry, Steffen E. “To Mask or Not to Mask: Modeling the Potential for Face …” Sciencedirect, 2020, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32355904/. 

Background-I used this article  to research if mask-wearing what’s causing people with breathing issues any harm.   we found out the breathing was yes a little harder but that was the point considering there’s a piece of cloth in front of your face.

How I used it- I use this  as a reason you should wear fast since it doesn’t affect your breathing and doesn’t potentially cause any harm to the person wearing it. it may make it harder to breathe but it won’t hurt you in any way wearing it for periods of time.She brings up statistics saying that oxygen levels don’t drop by any large number so there’s nothing to worry about. 

10 www.cmbclinicaltrials.com/post/handwashing-slows-the-virus-more-effectively-than-face-masks.

Nicolaides, Christos. “Handwashing Slows the Virus More Effectively than Face Masks.” CMB Clinical Trials, CMB Clinical Trials, 7 May 2020, http://www.cmbclinicaltrials.com/post/handwashing-slows-the-virus-more-effectively-than-face-masks. 

Background- This article looks at different ways to help slow down the covid-19 virus. it shows how this virus is not going to be taken down with only one precaution everything  needs to be taken seriously. They Put in detail about how important hand-washing is to ending this virus

How I used it-In this article it suggests the best way of stopping at covid-19 virus is through washing your hands. I ended up countering this article in  a way ,  since in mine I was backing the mask, as they don’t feel it is important as I do.

11 How to Properly Wear a Face Mask: Infographic

maragkis, lisa. “How to Properly Wear a Face Mask: Infographic | Johns …” HEALTH INFOGRAPHIC, 2020, http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/proper-mask-wearing-coronavirus-prevention-infographic. 

Background-   This article correctly shows all the proper procedures  to put on a face mask.  They show you all the incorrect things that many people do when putting on a face mask in what the right things are to do so you can prevent covid-19 from getting you sick. 

What I used to for-  I used this article to understand the flaws of the mask program to see if anyone was getting sick from wearing the mask.we concluded then getting a mask is relatively cheap and regularly accessible in a country like America where everyone can wear a fresh mask. What’s the transmission rate drops.

12 Do masks cause lower oxygen levels?

 Parsons, Jonathan. “Do Masks Cause Lower Oxygen Levels?” Ohio State Medical Center, 4 Aug. 2020, wexnermedical.osu.edu/blog/masks-oxygen-levels.

Background-This  is discussing whether a mask can lower oxygen levels, the words just a rumor going around. It starts off by saying scientifically that it doesn’t cost lower oxygen levels then goes into saying Mental effects could change the effectiveness of the original estimate.

What I used it for-I used this article To see if mask-wearing was really safe  as some  experts originally said.  This brings up more the mental side of saying how some people with mental issues are affected with masks.  they come out and say they actually don’t lower oxygen levels or boost CO2 levels so they are safe to wear

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Reflective — SmilingDogTheProfWants

Posted on December 3, 2020 by SmilingDogTheProfWants

Core Value 1. My work demonstrates that I used a variety of social and interactive practices that involve recursive stages of exploration, discovery, conceptualization, and development.

I believe that my white paper is my best example of interactive practices. My white paper is where I decided to stay with my topic after searching the web to find statistics about obesity and came to the conclusion that though my topic would be difficult it would be what I wanted to do. I worked through my thesis several times to conclude on the main idea by discussing it with my friends and my mom for at least an hour each (did not expect the conversation to last so long). I spent a lot of time with my idea, worried it wouldn’t make sense to people but after those conversations, I was confident I could get my point across if I kept in mind all the counter arguments thrown at me.

Core Value 2. My work demonstrates that I read critically, and that I placed texts into conversation with one another to create meaning by synthesizing ideas from various discourse communities. 

My most successful paper with critical reading was my Stone money paper. The paper took the ideas from the podcast and put them into summarized passages with excerpts from the text version in meaningful ways as I explained the purpose of the conversation leading to that summarized conclusion. My work flowed from one idea to the next without glossing over parts I didn’t understand and doing my best to mimic how the podcast presented their ideas, starting from the island and ending up in the federal banking system. Using my own understanding of the stone money passage and the Venezuela incident I felt I was able to form a logical and well put together article that explained the basics of a topic that I had not known a single thing about 2 hours before writing it.

Core Value 3. My work demonstrates that I rhetorically analyzed the purpose, audience, and contexts of my own writing and other texts and visual arguments.

My best example and my favorite piece I wrote would be the revised visual rhetoric paper. I spent every fraction of a second on that video looking for exactly what the film tried to portray and everything they might have been implying without clearly stating it was occurring. I was able to pick out details and describe them with enough depth that my friend said he might as well have just read the paper rather than watch the video. I used past knowledge of symbolism and real experiences with my visual piece to conclude on several of the points I touched on and without I wouldn’t have been able to make a piece that gets the points across to someone with no connection and that’s why I’m so proud of it.

Core Value 4: My work demonstrates that I have met the expectations of academic writing by locating, evaluating, and incorporating illustrations and evidence to support my own ideas and interpretations.

My Safer saws post is my best work for this core value. The majority of the paper is finding an article and reading what it’s about and the arguments presented in each, personally, I enjoyed grabbing those articles because it showed in my work that every line I wrote was based on evidence that itself was also made of several sources. Every idea presented was linked to what was seen in videos and in articles but with an analysis of what those ideas are presenting whether intentional or not. It was a fun critical analysis of the work and provided me with many ways to understand how quotes are interpreted and used to further someone’s claims.

Core Value 5. My work demonstrates that I respect my ethical responsibility to represent complex ideas fairly and to the sources of my information with appropriate citation. 

The best example of this core value is my Robust Verbs. I cover the ideas stated in the article in a way that even if someone that didn’t agree with me read my work they should have been able to understand the issue and form an independent idea. Although I found myself very convincing as one of the few arguments that covered the idea that the plan to deal with the addicts was a good temporary idea and fix the solution down the line rather than copying what the text says and saying it’s good or bad and that it shouldn’t be done, I provided the idea that it is functional and had its place in fixing the problem.

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rebuttal rewrite- corinnebuck1219

Posted on December 3, 2020 by corinnebuck1219

On the Other Paw… 

The American Kennel Club, the registry of purebred dog pedigrees in the United States, is who determines what each breed’s standards are. It’s crazy to believe that this well known club purposely picks negative traits, or ones that are damaging to the body. So what determines if a trait is negative or not, or if a trait is detrimental or not? According to the Nest, some detrimental traits that affect dogs can be aggressiveness, hip problems, deafness, and epilepsy. It is counterintuitive to think how the company that judges and makes these regulations for what these breeds must possess, are trying to intentionally hurt the breed. 

Next, artificial insemination may not be as bad for breeds as we think. Artificial insemination does manage to raise pregnancy odds, and produce a fruitful pregnancy. Artificial insemination can also allow breeders to produce semen from sires all around the world, and keep chilled or frozen for long periods of time. It can open many new possibilities for a bitch who cannot mate naturally, aggressive, or with medical conditions. Some more benefits include: decrease in stress levels for both animals, no need to travel or have trauma from mating, worldwide access of semen, semen collected and stored from deceased, can allow for semen to be evaluated more closely for fertility problems and mutations and abnormalities, prevent STDs, and the frozen samples can be collected and stored for long times and can remain fertile. 

Even if these dog breeds are unhealthy, they are still a few of the most popular dogs. When you think about it, it does make sense these dogs would have high numbers of diseases since they are some of the most popular breeds. According to AKC’s website, the French BullDog is ranked the 4th most popular dog in 2019, the Bulldog number 5th, Boston Terrier is the 21st, and the Pug 31st out of 193 recorded purebred breeds. So if these dogs are truly prone to diseases and have some of the most expensive vet bills to take care of according to vet records, why are they still heavily supported amongst families? The same can be said for the breed like the Golden Retriever, who is ranked the 3rd most popular breed. The Golden Retriever are likely to suffer from hip problems, more specifically, 74% of goldens are predisposed to hip dysplasia, a skeletal condition popular in large breeds which causes the hip joints (the ball and socket) to not develop properly, making these joints rub and grind compared to sliding together smoothly. Despite this condition, the Golden is known as the perfect family dog, and is bred for that. It seems unfair to point out the flaws of these dogs, instead of considering since these dogs are highly adopted, their disease cases may be skewed since other breeds do not have the same opportunities to be diagnosed and publicized due to them not being considered popular. Basically, since they are some of the most popular breeds, they are gonna have more data compared to less popular breeds. 

Regardless of popularity, there is a market for all sorts of remedies for dogs. For example, dogs with extra face rolls can use things like wrinkle wipes, balms, soaps and many other products specifically targeted to soothe and treat the infections that can happen in the face wrinkles. Another product on the market is goggles, or also coined “Doggles” which are goggles for dogs that stop eye injuries. Lots of products are made to be used regularly and hopefully started before any infections or injuries have occured. Some of the conditions are due to the owners negligence, and could have been prevented. Before a dog is bought, all owners should do research in the trends of these dogs whether it being behavioral or diseases the breed can tend to have. These products are not hard to find and can be purchased online or in person at companies like Chewy, Petsmart, Petco, and even Amazon. Also, these dogs do not require grooming services, so where you may purchase more in products for these breeds, you may break even due to not having to make grooming appointments.  

These breeds are also perfect for full time and busy families. The breeds require very low maintenance, and do not require lots of exercise, and are in the category of non-sporting dogs in shows. You can see this demonstrated in City areas, where the bulldog and Frenchie are commonly seen. These dogs do not need large areas of grass to run around in, and are perfect for apartments since they are all considered smaller breeds. Regardless of all the negativity that these breeds are known for, they are lots of good aspects that shouldnt be forgotten.

References

Foden, Simon. “Dog Traits That Are Detrimental.” Pets, 21 Nov. 2017, pets.thenest.com/dog-traits-detrimental-6226.html. 

“The Pros and Cons of Artificial Insemination.” DogsLife, 9 Sept. 2015, http://www.dogslife.com.au/dog-news/dog-health/pros-and-cons-of-artificial-insemination. 

Staff, AKC. “The Most Popular Dog Breeds of 2019.” American Kennel Club, American Kennel Club, 1 May 2020, http://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/2020-popular-breeds-2019/. Staff, AKC. “Hip Dysplasia In Dogs: Prevention, Causes, Symptoms & Treatment.” American Kennel Club, American Kennel Club, 7 Feb. 2020, http://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/hip-dysplasia-in-dogs/.

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